and Sagittarius)62. Two monsters with human heads and intertwined tongues (60 v),
paranatellonta of Cancer, Aquarius and Pisces, decorate Queen Mary’s Psalter63. In
the LuttreltPsalter there appears Cock and Bäven (60 v), paranatellonta of Capricorn 64 1
Other astrological figures decorating the Florian Psalter, the examined psalters
and books of hours, are the graphic signs of Sun and Moon and the moon nodes, presented
as plaitwork (28 v, 32 v, 36 r, 33r, 36 v, 37 v, 40 r, 40 v, 41 r, 41 v, 43 r, 44 r, 45 v) 6S.
One should pay particular attention to the two intertwined minuscule letters ,,m”
appearing in the Florian Psalter and considered a personal sign of Queen Hedwig (3 r,
53 v, 56 r, 57 r, 59 r, fig. 78) 6G. Identification of the astrologicaFcontent of the so called
drôlerie in psalters and hooks of hours allows to suggest that the letters denoting the
signs of zodiac were used here as they are presented in the work of Teukros of Ba-
bylon67. The Greek letter ,,m” denoted the sign of Pisces. As in the drawing representation
this sign consists of two fish tied with the ribbon, one may suppose it was replaced
by two intertwined letters. Letters denoting the signs of zodiac appear once more' in
the Florian Psalter on the page 41 v. This time they are minuscule letters ,,m i ” or
the zodiac signs of Pisces and Sagittarius. Placing the letters which are not the monograms
of the owners in the manuscripts is not a separate case. Letter ,,e” was used by Wen-
ceslans IV, the intertwined letters „ E V” by Duke Jean de Berry. The first of these
letters, according to Teukros, denotes zodiac Leo, the second Scorpio 6S.
Astrological images presented above, decorating the pages of the Florian Psalter
and of the examined psalters and hooks of hours are characterized by the richness of
typological presentation and style. Despite the fact that these images wandered not only1
between the psalters and books of hours but also among the bestiaries and different
kinds of encyclopaedias and compendiums of mediaeval knowledge, we can rarely point
out the immediate typological model for a chosen image69. In the Florian Psalter the
figure of Sagittarius aiming toward the bird as on the page 32 v, presented from behind
and stringigng the how with his left hand is repeated in the psalters Bardolf-Vaux,
Gorleston and in the hooks of hours Latin-French (Stowe 17) and Grey-FitzPayn 70.
Two doves with their tails turned to each other on the interlinear strips of page 51 r
are the exact repetition of the drawing in Goncordantiae caritatis of Ulrich Lilienfeld 71.
The mermaid with two tails is similar to the image on the mosaic in the crypt of Sah
Savino church in Piacenza, presenting a calendar and a man with the head of a donkey
(28 v) —to the miniature in Decrelaria of the pope Gregory IX72. Cock (Gallina) and
•« Add. 42130, 63v, 268r. — Add. 49622, 27v. — Add. 34247, 138r.— Stowe-17, 27r, 77v. — Dd.5.5,
3S9v. — Be.4.24. 4v, 30v, 33v.
»* Add. 2B VII, 136r, 138v.
»* Add. 42130, ISr.
Add. 42130, 59v, 105v, 160r. — Add. 29433, 89r. — Add. 36684, 38r, 47v, 51v, 66v, lOOr, 104v. —
Harley 2899, 20r. — Be.4.24, 18v, 23r. — Egerton 3277, 6Sv. — CMA 6440. — Stowe 17, 147v, 148v. —
On graphic denotations of the Sun in the shape of two concentric circles with a point in the middle writes
W. Deonna (Armes avec motiss astrologiques et talismanique, Revue de l’histoire des religions IV-V, 1924,
p. 24), on the Moon modes U. Zischka (Zur sakrale und prosanen Anwendung des Knotenmoiivs als magi-
sches Mittel, Symbol oder Dekorl München 1977, pp. 9, 19, 31,41).
“ M. Gçbarowicz, Psalterz Florianski i sego geneza. Wroclaw 1965, there earlier bibliography.'
Sniezynska-Stolot, o. c., p. 161—-162.
87 Boll, o. c., p. 469. — F. Dornseiff, Das Alphabet in Mystik und Magie. Leipzig-Berlin 1925, pp.
84-85.
H. Bober, The Zodiacal Miniature of the Très Riehes Heures os the Duke os Berry — its Sources
and Meaning, JWCI, SI, 1948, p. 31. — J. Kräsa, Die Handschriften Honig Wenzels IV, 1971, p. 65.
" Weitzmann, o. c., pp. 137, 144.
7‘ Add. 49622, 6r, 52v. — MS 233, 81v. — Stowe 17, 9ir. — MS 242, 29r.
71 Lilienfeld MS 151, 27v (Photocopy in the Print Collection of the Warburg Institute).
71 G. Rasetti, ÏÎ calendario. Pescara 1941, pi. XÏI/11. — Roy. 10E IV, 1 Sir.
108
paranatellonta of Cancer, Aquarius and Pisces, decorate Queen Mary’s Psalter63. In
the LuttreltPsalter there appears Cock and Bäven (60 v), paranatellonta of Capricorn 64 1
Other astrological figures decorating the Florian Psalter, the examined psalters
and books of hours, are the graphic signs of Sun and Moon and the moon nodes, presented
as plaitwork (28 v, 32 v, 36 r, 33r, 36 v, 37 v, 40 r, 40 v, 41 r, 41 v, 43 r, 44 r, 45 v) 6S.
One should pay particular attention to the two intertwined minuscule letters ,,m”
appearing in the Florian Psalter and considered a personal sign of Queen Hedwig (3 r,
53 v, 56 r, 57 r, 59 r, fig. 78) 6G. Identification of the astrologicaFcontent of the so called
drôlerie in psalters and hooks of hours allows to suggest that the letters denoting the
signs of zodiac were used here as they are presented in the work of Teukros of Ba-
bylon67. The Greek letter ,,m” denoted the sign of Pisces. As in the drawing representation
this sign consists of two fish tied with the ribbon, one may suppose it was replaced
by two intertwined letters. Letters denoting the signs of zodiac appear once more' in
the Florian Psalter on the page 41 v. This time they are minuscule letters ,,m i ” or
the zodiac signs of Pisces and Sagittarius. Placing the letters which are not the monograms
of the owners in the manuscripts is not a separate case. Letter ,,e” was used by Wen-
ceslans IV, the intertwined letters „ E V” by Duke Jean de Berry. The first of these
letters, according to Teukros, denotes zodiac Leo, the second Scorpio 6S.
Astrological images presented above, decorating the pages of the Florian Psalter
and of the examined psalters and hooks of hours are characterized by the richness of
typological presentation and style. Despite the fact that these images wandered not only1
between the psalters and books of hours but also among the bestiaries and different
kinds of encyclopaedias and compendiums of mediaeval knowledge, we can rarely point
out the immediate typological model for a chosen image69. In the Florian Psalter the
figure of Sagittarius aiming toward the bird as on the page 32 v, presented from behind
and stringigng the how with his left hand is repeated in the psalters Bardolf-Vaux,
Gorleston and in the hooks of hours Latin-French (Stowe 17) and Grey-FitzPayn 70.
Two doves with their tails turned to each other on the interlinear strips of page 51 r
are the exact repetition of the drawing in Goncordantiae caritatis of Ulrich Lilienfeld 71.
The mermaid with two tails is similar to the image on the mosaic in the crypt of Sah
Savino church in Piacenza, presenting a calendar and a man with the head of a donkey
(28 v) —to the miniature in Decrelaria of the pope Gregory IX72. Cock (Gallina) and
•« Add. 42130, 63v, 268r. — Add. 49622, 27v. — Add. 34247, 138r.— Stowe-17, 27r, 77v. — Dd.5.5,
3S9v. — Be.4.24. 4v, 30v, 33v.
»* Add. 2B VII, 136r, 138v.
»* Add. 42130, ISr.
Add. 42130, 59v, 105v, 160r. — Add. 29433, 89r. — Add. 36684, 38r, 47v, 51v, 66v, lOOr, 104v. —
Harley 2899, 20r. — Be.4.24, 18v, 23r. — Egerton 3277, 6Sv. — CMA 6440. — Stowe 17, 147v, 148v. —
On graphic denotations of the Sun in the shape of two concentric circles with a point in the middle writes
W. Deonna (Armes avec motiss astrologiques et talismanique, Revue de l’histoire des religions IV-V, 1924,
p. 24), on the Moon modes U. Zischka (Zur sakrale und prosanen Anwendung des Knotenmoiivs als magi-
sches Mittel, Symbol oder Dekorl München 1977, pp. 9, 19, 31,41).
“ M. Gçbarowicz, Psalterz Florianski i sego geneza. Wroclaw 1965, there earlier bibliography.'
Sniezynska-Stolot, o. c., p. 161—-162.
87 Boll, o. c., p. 469. — F. Dornseiff, Das Alphabet in Mystik und Magie. Leipzig-Berlin 1925, pp.
84-85.
H. Bober, The Zodiacal Miniature of the Très Riehes Heures os the Duke os Berry — its Sources
and Meaning, JWCI, SI, 1948, p. 31. — J. Kräsa, Die Handschriften Honig Wenzels IV, 1971, p. 65.
" Weitzmann, o. c., pp. 137, 144.
7‘ Add. 49622, 6r, 52v. — MS 233, 81v. — Stowe 17, 9ir. — MS 242, 29r.
71 Lilienfeld MS 151, 27v (Photocopy in the Print Collection of the Warburg Institute).
71 G. Rasetti, ÏÎ calendario. Pescara 1941, pi. XÏI/11. — Roy. 10E IV, 1 Sir.
108