DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.5253#0497
IMPORTANCE OF MAUSOLOS. 463
Scopas' Apollo, was carried to Rome by Augustus, where it received a new
head, and was placed with the Apollo in a temple on the Palatine.923 Of an
Asclepios by this master, in Troizen, we have no particulars ; nor of the hunt-
ers, athletes, armed figures, and others engaged in sacrifice, promiscuously
attributed to him by Pliny.9*4
The undying fame, however, which these sculptors gained, was not by their
single works, but by their united efforts in decorating the tomb of the Carian
ruler Mausolos at Halicarnassos in Asia Minor.
THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSOS.
The ancient inhabitants of South-western Asia Minor, the Carians, had
mingled with Greek colonists, and, at the opening of the fourth century, were
ruled by native princes, acting as vassals of Persia. The Persian king, at that
time, was being plotted against by his satraps; and, in the midst of these con-
flicts, one of the smaller Carian houses quietly worked its way up to occupy an
important place in history. Hecatomnos of Mylasa, its head, had three sons,
Mausolos, Idrieus, and Pixodaros; and two daughters, Artemisia and Ada, —
all of whom, following Carian custom, ruled, brothers intermarrying with
sisters, — Mausolos taking to wife Artemisia, and Idrieus, Ada. In 378 B.C.,
Mausolos became satrap for all Caria; and in a reign of twenty-four years he
swung himself up to a most powerful position, not only in relation to the
neighboring cities, as shown by many inscriptions found at Mylasa, but also
to the Persian monarch even, whom he defied. He spread his rule over Lykia,
the inner Meander valley, and Northern Asia Minor, to say nothing of the
Greek islands along his coasts, his intrigues being directed even against
Athens.925 Besides, he greatly increased his fleet, and protected the com-
merce of the civilized world, by driving the pirates from the high-seas. So
wisely did he husband all the resources of his state, that he was reputed to
have gathered treasures equal to those of Croesus. His former capital, the
inland town of Mylasa, was now exchanged for Halicarnassos, a town of Greek
colonists, who had nestled timorously on an island and along the shore. Here,
from point to point, around the crescent-shaped bay, he laid out streets and
squares in sumptuous Ionic style. Vitruvius' record of the admirable archi-
tectural plans of Mausolos is confirmed by the ruins still sweeping in a vast
semicircle around the bay, and laid bare by Professor Newton in his exca-
vations. 926
At one end, above the sacred, time-honored fountain Salmakis, was erected
a temple to Hermes and to Aphrodite, and, at the other, the regal palace,
overlooking the roadstead of the fleet. Between these two points of the cres-
cent, directly on the commodious harbor, was laid out, and surrounded by spa-
cious colonnades, a convenient market-place; while above it, and circling the
Scopas' Apollo, was carried to Rome by Augustus, where it received a new
head, and was placed with the Apollo in a temple on the Palatine.923 Of an
Asclepios by this master, in Troizen, we have no particulars ; nor of the hunt-
ers, athletes, armed figures, and others engaged in sacrifice, promiscuously
attributed to him by Pliny.9*4
The undying fame, however, which these sculptors gained, was not by their
single works, but by their united efforts in decorating the tomb of the Carian
ruler Mausolos at Halicarnassos in Asia Minor.
THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSOS.
The ancient inhabitants of South-western Asia Minor, the Carians, had
mingled with Greek colonists, and, at the opening of the fourth century, were
ruled by native princes, acting as vassals of Persia. The Persian king, at that
time, was being plotted against by his satraps; and, in the midst of these con-
flicts, one of the smaller Carian houses quietly worked its way up to occupy an
important place in history. Hecatomnos of Mylasa, its head, had three sons,
Mausolos, Idrieus, and Pixodaros; and two daughters, Artemisia and Ada, —
all of whom, following Carian custom, ruled, brothers intermarrying with
sisters, — Mausolos taking to wife Artemisia, and Idrieus, Ada. In 378 B.C.,
Mausolos became satrap for all Caria; and in a reign of twenty-four years he
swung himself up to a most powerful position, not only in relation to the
neighboring cities, as shown by many inscriptions found at Mylasa, but also
to the Persian monarch even, whom he defied. He spread his rule over Lykia,
the inner Meander valley, and Northern Asia Minor, to say nothing of the
Greek islands along his coasts, his intrigues being directed even against
Athens.925 Besides, he greatly increased his fleet, and protected the com-
merce of the civilized world, by driving the pirates from the high-seas. So
wisely did he husband all the resources of his state, that he was reputed to
have gathered treasures equal to those of Croesus. His former capital, the
inland town of Mylasa, was now exchanged for Halicarnassos, a town of Greek
colonists, who had nestled timorously on an island and along the shore. Here,
from point to point, around the crescent-shaped bay, he laid out streets and
squares in sumptuous Ionic style. Vitruvius' record of the admirable archi-
tectural plans of Mausolos is confirmed by the ruins still sweeping in a vast
semicircle around the bay, and laid bare by Professor Newton in his exca-
vations. 926
At one end, above the sacred, time-honored fountain Salmakis, was erected
a temple to Hermes and to Aphrodite, and, at the other, the regal palace,
overlooking the roadstead of the fleet. Between these two points of the cres-
cent, directly on the commodious harbor, was laid out, and surrounded by spa-
cious colonnades, a convenient market-place; while above it, and circling the