Newton, Charles T. [Editor]; Pullan, Richard P. [Editor]: A history of discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus and Branchidae (Band 2, Teil 1) (London, 1862)

12 HISTORY OF CARIA.

supposed to exist between the Greek colony of
Halicarnassus. and the native town of Salmacis
was not uncommon in the earlier Greek settlements,
because it was their usual practice to establish
themselves on some rocky peninsula or island close
to the mainland, where the nature of the coast
afforded them the double advantage of a secure
harbour and a position of great natural strength."

It was thus that at Emporige in Spain, colonized
by Phoceeans from Massilia, the original Greek
settlement, afterwards called the " Old Town," was
built on a small island, whence the colonists passed
to the mainland. Here, too, a double city grew up ;
the Greek town on the coast, and an Iberian settle-
ment of the tribe of Indigetes on the mainland.0

Ultimately, these settlements were amalgamated
into a Roman colony.

At a very early period in the history of Halicar-
nassus we find it taking part in a league of six
Dorian cities, called the Doric Hexapolis. The
other five cities composing this confederation were
Cos, Onidus, Lindus, Oamirus, and Ialysus.

" Grote, Hist, of Greece, iii. pp. 234, 237, 240.

At Ephesus, the Greek settlers under Androklos drove out
the native Lydians and Leleges, who held the upper city. A few
of the inhabitants of a different origin were allowed to remain,
receiving an allotment of land. (Pausan. vii. 2, 4.) At Miletus, the
Cretan colonists allowed the Carians, who had previously dwelt
there, to become their vvvoikol ; hut the subsequent Ionian settlers,
under Neleus, put the whole male Carian population to the sword,
and compelled the Carian women to marry them.—Herod, i. 146 ;
Pausan. vii. 2, 3. ■ ■ ■

0 See Smith's Diet, of Geogr. Emporim.