Newton, Charles T. [Hrsg.]; Pullan, Richard P. [Hrsg.]: A history of discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus and Branchidae (Band 2, Teil 1) (London, 1862)

OF THE MAUSOLEUM. 109

upper course on which the hand of the Sapper
rests, has been driven inward, as if some violent
shock had dislocated the upper part of the wall,
many blocks of which were found lying intermixed
with the marble steps and sculpture behind it.
It has been shown that among this sculpture
were portions of two or more colossal horses from
the marble chariot group which crowned the apex
of the pyramid; and, when this fact is taken in
connection with the other circumstances already
noted, such as the freshly-fractured edges of the
sculptures discovered here, the partial dislocation
of the masonry in this place, and the distance of
the marble wall from the Mausoleum itself, I think
that there is no difficulty in explaining how these
ruins came into the position in which I found them.

It is evident that an earthquake or equivalent
force must have rent asunder the pyramid, hurling a
portion of the chariot group and of the steps on which
it rested over the marble wall, and probably carrying
away the coping of the wall with it in its fall. This
must have taken place some time before the occu-
pation of Budrum by the Knights, when the Mau-
soleum is spoken of as in ruins, and, as it may be
presumed, subsequently to the 12th century, when
Eustathius writes of it, " It Avas and is a wonder."

After having removed the sculpture lying behind
the wall, I proceeded to follow the wall itself both
eastward and westward. After ascertaining that
it extended far beyond the limits of the Qua-
drangle in both directions, I felt convinced that
this was the outer wall or peribolm mentioned by