Palladio, Andrea: The four books of Andrea Palladio's architecture (Band4): Wherein the ancient temples that are in Rome are described and figured and some others that are in Italy and out of Italy (London, 1738)

«i

FOURTH BOOK.

S3



port the frontiipicce that fliall be over the entrance. The other, which is called ProJWos,
must have more than the sir st, alio columns in the corners oppoiite to the pitastcrs, and on
the right and left in turning the currier, two other columns, that is, one on a side. But it"
in the port backwards the lame dilpolition of" columns is observed, and the srontiipicce, then
the alpect muii be called Amphiprojlilos,
Of the two first alpeels of temples there are not in our days any remains, and theresore
there (hall be no examples of them in this book ; neither did it seem to me ncccsiary to
make deligns of them, the aspects of each of theic being delineated in the plan, and the up-
right in the Commentary upon Vnnovius by Monlignor Reverendilsimo Barbaro.
But is portico's are made to temples, they are cither to be made round the temple, or
in the sront only. Thole that have portico's in the sore sront only, it may be said alio that
they have the ai'pcct called Pro/tiles. Thole that are made with portico's round them, may
be made with Jour aspecrs; because they either may be made with six columns In the front
and in that backwards, ww\ with eleven columns on each side, computing those in the
angles; and this aipest is called Pertptms, that is, winged round, and the portico's round the
cell come to be as broad as an intcrcolumniation.
Antient temples are to be seen, that have six columns in the sront, and have no portico's
round them notwithstanding ; but in the walls os the cell, in the part without, there are
half columns, which accompany those os the portico, and have the same ornaments; as at
Ntjmi in Provence. Of this sort alio it may be laid, that the temple os the Ionic order in
Rome is, now the church of Santa Mar-.a Egittiaca. These these architects made to make
the cell larger, and to avoid expence; the sune aspecl os the alato round it remaining never-
theless to those who law the temple in ssank. Or if to temples eight columns be put in the
sront, and fisteen on the sides, with the angular ones ; these come to have double portico's
round them, and therefore their aipect is called Diptcros, that is, double winged.
Temples may also be made, which have, like the abovcsiid, eight columns in sront,
and fifteen on the sides; but the portico's round them are not made double, because one
order os columns is taken away. Hence these portico's come to be as broad as two intercom
Summations and the thickness os a column, and their aspect is called Pfiudodipteros, that is,
salse winged round. This aipect was the invention of Hermcgknes, a very antient architect,
who in this manner made the portico's round the temples broad and convenient, to take ofTthe
expence and labour, without taking any thing from the aspect. Or, finally, they are lb made
that in each sront there be ten columns, and the portico's round them double, as in tho!e
that have the aspccT: Dipteros.
These temples had in the part within, other portico's with two orders of columns, one
above the other, and these columns were lei's than those without. The roof came srom
the columns without to those within, and the whole space mcompassed by the columns
within was uncovered. Hence the atbedls of these temples was called J&pi.'lrts, that is,
uncovered.
Thess temples were dedicated to Jupiter, as patron os heaven, and os the air. And
in the middle os the court the altar was placed. Of this sort I believe the temple was, of
which some small vcstigia are to be seen upon Monte Cavalfo at Rome; and that it was
dedicated to Jupiter Quirinalis, and built by the emperors: becaule in Vitruvius's
time (as he says) there was none.

CHAP. IV.

Of the five hinds of Temples.
TH E antients used (as has been besore said) to make portico's to their temples, sor the
conveniency of the people, that they might have where to entertain one another, and
to walk in withuut the cell, in which the sacrisices were offered, and give greater ma-
jesty and grandeur to those fabrics. Hence, becaule the intervals that are between one co-
lumn and the other, may be made of five lizes, according to theic five kinds or manners os
temples, that Vitruvius distinguiihes: the names os which are PicnojHhsy that is, thick
with