DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1652#0008
w. ha,
filst manner.
and bt<
e *« by the
: a" t!'c a,,.
ns; *« inter.
-met
-r the ..
ind lave
^oried, becaufc
the column,
I
it ferns h-
understood by
FOURTH BOOK.
85
pond toj
ole cannot be
ed in tempi«
3nour and tc-
.. As there-
("hall ir
; belonging <°
with coluro«
. i„ the ww-
e'd. Thefe*
the tempi' "
,t to the f^
- placed »po»
But th1*
part of the diameter of the temple, taking the diameter in the part withi 1 th(
The columns are as long as the cell is broad, and are the tenth part ol their length 111
thickneik
Thb tribuna, or cupola, mull be railed above the architrave, frizc, and cornice of the
win.;-, one half os the whole work. Thus Vitruvius comparts the round temples.
In anticnt temples however there are no pedestals to be seen, but the columns begin
srom the ssoor os the temple : which pleases me much better, not only brcause the pedd 1 ob-
(tructs the entrance very much ; as also because the columns, which begin srom the groin-.,', add
more grandeur and magnificence. But is in round temples the portico is to be placed in the
sront only, then it must be made as long as the breadth of the cell, or an eighth part less,
and may also be made shorter; but yet it must not be ihorter than three quar-
ters of the breadth of the temple, nor mull it he made wider than the third part of its
length.
In quadrangular temples the portico's in the sront must be made as long ns the breadth
of these temples. And if they are to be after the manner os Enslilos, which is both beautiful
and elegant, then they are to be thus comparted. If the aspect is to be made with sour
columns, all the tront of the temple (excepting the projection os the bales of the columns,
which are in the angles) must be divided into eleven parts and an half, and one of these
parts (hall be called a module, that is, a measure, with which all the Other part-; must be
measured; because that by making the columns a module in thickneis, four must be given
to them, three to the intercolumniations in the middle, and sour and a hals to the other
two intercolumniations, that is, two and a quarter each. If the front is to be of six co-
lumns, then it must be divided into eighteen parts; if os eight, into twenty sour and an
half; and ifoften, into thirty one: always giving of these parts one to the thick;,,s of
the columns, three to the void in the middle, and two and a quarter to each of the other
voids. The height of the columns must be according to what they llia.ll be, whether Ionic
or Corinthian.
How the aspecls of the other manners of temples ought to be regulated, that is, os
Picnostilos, Sistilos, Uiastilos, and Aereostilos, has been Vully fet down in the hilt book,
when we treated os intercolumniations.
Beyond the portico one finds the anti-temple, and then the cell. The breadth is divided
into four parts; eight of which are given to the length os the temple, and five of thesi
are given to the length of the cell, including the walls-, in which are the doors; and the
other three remaining are for the anti-temple, which has on the sides two wings of w all, C m-
tinued to the walls of the cell, in the ends os which are made two anti, that is, two pila-
siers as thick as the columns of the portico, And because it may happen that between these
wings there may be, cither little or much space if the breadth be greater than twenty foot,
between the said pilasters two columns may be put, and more alio according as necessity
sball require, directly opposite to the columns os the portico; the lise os which will be to
separate the anti-temple srom the portico; and those three or more voids, which Hull be be-
tween the pilasters, must be doled up with wood, or with marble parapets, leaving however
the openings through which one may enter into the anti-temple. Is the breadth he more
than forty foot, other columns must be put in the part within, opposue to them, that (hall
have been put between the pilasters, and must be made of the same height of those with-
out, but somewhat smaller, because the open air will lessen the thickneis of those without,
and the inclosed will not permit the smallness to be disecrned os those within, and lb they
will appear equal.
And altho' the said compartment answers exaiflly in temples of sour column-, the lame
proportion and manner nevertheless do not fait the other aspects; because it is necessary that
the walls os the cell lliould meet with the columns without, and be in a line. Hence the
cells of these temples will be somewhat larger than what has been mentioned.
Thus the ant'icnts comparted their temples, as ViTRUVlus teacheth us, and were willin
that a portico lliould be made, under which in bid weather men might avoid the sun, the
rain, the hail, and the snow; and on solemn days be amuled until" the hour oi lacrifice
come on : but we, by omitting the portico's round the temples, build them very like basi-
lica's, in which, as it has been laid, portico's were made in the part within, as we now do
in temples. Which happened, because the first who, enlightned by truth, gave themfelves up
to our religion, were accustomed, sor sear of the Gentiles, to assemble in the basilica's o\
Z private
filst manner.
and bt<
e *« by the
: a" t!'c a,,.
ns; *« inter.
-met
-r the ..
ind lave
^oried, becaufc
the column,
I
it ferns h-
understood by
FOURTH BOOK.
85
pond toj
ole cannot be
ed in tempi«
3nour and tc-
.. As there-
("hall ir
; belonging <°
with coluro«
. i„ the ww-
e'd. Thefe*
the tempi' "
,t to the f^
- placed »po»
But th1*
part of the diameter of the temple, taking the diameter in the part withi 1 th(
The columns are as long as the cell is broad, and are the tenth part ol their length 111
thickneik
Thb tribuna, or cupola, mull be railed above the architrave, frizc, and cornice of the
win.;-, one half os the whole work. Thus Vitruvius comparts the round temples.
In anticnt temples however there are no pedestals to be seen, but the columns begin
srom the ssoor os the temple : which pleases me much better, not only brcause the pedd 1 ob-
(tructs the entrance very much ; as also because the columns, which begin srom the groin-.,', add
more grandeur and magnificence. But is in round temples the portico is to be placed in the
sront only, then it must be made as long as the breadth of the cell, or an eighth part less,
and may also be made shorter; but yet it must not be ihorter than three quar-
ters of the breadth of the temple, nor mull it he made wider than the third part of its
length.
In quadrangular temples the portico's in the sront must be made as long ns the breadth
of these temples. And if they are to be after the manner os Enslilos, which is both beautiful
and elegant, then they are to be thus comparted. If the aspect is to be made with sour
columns, all the tront of the temple (excepting the projection os the bales of the columns,
which are in the angles) must be divided into eleven parts and an half, and one of these
parts (hall be called a module, that is, a measure, with which all the Other part-; must be
measured; because that by making the columns a module in thickneis, four must be given
to them, three to the intercolumniations in the middle, and sour and a hals to the other
two intercolumniations, that is, two and a quarter each. If the front is to be of six co-
lumns, then it must be divided into eighteen parts; if os eight, into twenty sour and an
half; and ifoften, into thirty one: always giving of these parts one to the thick;,,s of
the columns, three to the void in the middle, and two and a quarter to each of the other
voids. The height of the columns must be according to what they llia.ll be, whether Ionic
or Corinthian.
How the aspecls of the other manners of temples ought to be regulated, that is, os
Picnostilos, Sistilos, Uiastilos, and Aereostilos, has been Vully fet down in the hilt book,
when we treated os intercolumniations.
Beyond the portico one finds the anti-temple, and then the cell. The breadth is divided
into four parts; eight of which are given to the length os the temple, and five of thesi
are given to the length of the cell, including the walls-, in which are the doors; and the
other three remaining are for the anti-temple, which has on the sides two wings of w all, C m-
tinued to the walls of the cell, in the ends os which are made two anti, that is, two pila-
siers as thick as the columns of the portico, And because it may happen that between these
wings there may be, cither little or much space if the breadth be greater than twenty foot,
between the said pilasters two columns may be put, and more alio according as necessity
sball require, directly opposite to the columns os the portico; the lise os which will be to
separate the anti-temple srom the portico; and those three or more voids, which Hull be be-
tween the pilasters, must be doled up with wood, or with marble parapets, leaving however
the openings through which one may enter into the anti-temple. Is the breadth he more
than forty foot, other columns must be put in the part within, opposue to them, that (hall
have been put between the pilasters, and must be made of the same height of those with-
out, but somewhat smaller, because the open air will lessen the thickneis of those without,
and the inclosed will not permit the smallness to be disecrned os those within, and lb they
will appear equal.
And altho' the said compartment answers exaiflly in temples of sour column-, the lame
proportion and manner nevertheless do not fait the other aspects; because it is necessary that
the walls os the cell lliould meet with the columns without, and be in a line. Hence the
cells of these temples will be somewhat larger than what has been mentioned.
Thus the ant'icnts comparted their temples, as ViTRUVlus teacheth us, and were willin
that a portico lliould be made, under which in bid weather men might avoid the sun, the
rain, the hail, and the snow; and on solemn days be amuled until" the hour oi lacrifice
come on : but we, by omitting the portico's round the temples, build them very like basi-
lica's, in which, as it has been laid, portico's were made in the part within, as we now do
in temples. Which happened, because the first who, enlightned by truth, gave themfelves up
to our religion, were accustomed, sor sear of the Gentiles, to assemble in the basilica's o\
Z private