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INDEX
127
Metopes, varieties in the breadth of those in the
Parthenon, 17 ; manner of fixing, 17 note 7.
Modulus in Greek Doric architecture, not to be
sought for m subdivisions of the diameter of the
column, App. I. Art. 1, 112.
Monolith, shafts of columns intended for Olympieum,
plundered by Sylla, 76, 85.
Motion, curves drawn by continued, App. III. Arts.
3, 9, 10, i2„
Mouldings, not generally worked until the finishing
of a temple, 26 ; the Greek, classification of,
48 j variety of curvature in, 53.
Mutules, the angle of the underside of, 70.
Naos of the Parthenon, disposition of the columns
in, g; named Hecatompedon, 12.
------- of the Olympieum, diagram plan of, 83;
of the earlier Parthenon, App. II. Art 2 ; of the
Parthenon, see Hecatompedon.
Neptune's Trident, mark of, discovered in the
Erechtheum, 91,
Niche in western chamber of Erechtheum, 95.
Nicomedes, see Conchoid.
Nike Apteros, Temple of, 2, 27, 71.
Octastyle, see Olympieum ; shown to have been
its original plan, 87.
Olive tree of the Erechtheum, the probable site of,
96.
Olympieum, or Temple of Jupiter Olympius, ho-
rizontal curvature of, 27; description of, 74;
dedicated by Hadrian, 74, 85 ; existing columns
the work of Antiochus Epiphanes, 76 ; the
monolith shafts prepared by him plundered by
Sylla, 76; upper step only of marble, 78;
hitherto generally supposed to have been de-
castyle but shown to have been octastyle, 77 ;
excavations described, 77-81; drums of columns
prepared by Pisistratus, 80; his foundations
oblique to the present temple, 79 ; partly taken
up and re-used, 79 ; a foundation of still greater
antiquity, 80 ; some indication of the extent of
Pisistratus's naos, 83 ; accurate orientation of
the later temple, 83; plan of the naos and
diameter of the columns, 84, 85; restored
section showing probable manner of lighting
the naos, 85 ; some of the proportions of plan
and elevation, 85 ; a supposed fragment of the
great cornice, 86 ; always intended to have
been octastyle, 87 ; its peribolus and propylon,
87.
Opislbodomus: Parthenon, disposition of the columns,
10 ; of the Olympieum, 82,
Optical corrections, 33, 34, 39 ; theory of, in Greek
architecture, 103 ; independence of the different
kinds, 103 ; appreciation of the effects, although
the causes producing them may be unknown, or
known imperfectly, 33, 106; see Heliodorus,
Philo.
Orientation, accurate, in Olympieum, 83.
Ornaments, coloured, see Polychromy ; existence of,
not to be readily assumed except where an
outline can be traced, 55, 57.
Orthostatic of the cella wall of the Parthenon,
differences in the height of the stones composing
this course, 34 ; of the Olympieum, a portion
found, S4.
Osculating Circle, see Curvature, circle of.
Outworks of the Acropolis near the Propylara, 64.
Palace of the Athenian kings, on the Acropolis,
probable site of, 7.
Pandroseum, court of, 96 ; screen wall of, 89.
Pantheon at Rome, measurements of, App. V.Alt. iS.
Parabola, a form of Conic Section, App. in. Ait.
4 ; etymology, Art. 7 ; arc of, may have been
used in setting out the horizontal curvature, 30 ;
used in the moulding of the soffits of the pedi-
ment coronas in the Theseum and Erechtheum,
51 ; difficulty of describing, by continued motion,
App. III. Art. 10.
Parthenon or Hecatompedon, present state of, 9 ;
posticum door of, 10; plan of ceiling, 14, 45 ;
sub-basement of, iS ; some fragments of upper
parts of naos, 20; pronaos door of, 20; Opis-
thodomus doors, 20; unfinished portions of, 19
note I, 26 note 3, S* note 3 ; character of, com-
pared with the Propyk-ea, 42, 53 note 1, 62, 70,
104, App. VI. Art. 20.
Parthenon, earlier, 19, 71 ; curvature of its stylo-
bate, 20, 27, 33, 105; attempt to recover its
ground plan, 100, App. II. Art 2 ; intention of
its great relative length, 101 ; see also App. II.
Art. 2.
Pedestal, of Agnppa, 1 ; of the statue of Minerva
Promachus, Preface; of Minerva Hygieia, 3,
S3-
Pedestals on the stylobate of the Parthenon, 9.
Pediment, angle of, in Parthenon, 16 ; the Propykea,
mam portico, 61 ; the Theseum, its curvature,
73; the Erechtheum, 94; when flat, apparent
deflection of the horizontal lines, 104 ; the opti-
cal reaction so produced, shown to be the
originating cause of the horizontal curvature,
first, of the entablature, 104, secondly, of the
stylobate, 104 note 4.
Pelasgic or Cyclopean walls, 2, 7, 69; gates to
Acropolis, 64.
Pelasgicum (name given to the north wall of the
Acropolis), fragments built into, 1, 6, 98 ; lower
courses, hurried construction of, 6 note 2, 99
?iote 3.
Peribolus of Olympieum, diagram with octastyle
temple, symmetrically placed in, 87.
Perpendicular, deviations from, in Greek archi-
tecture, see Inclination.
Philo, quotation from, respecting optical adjust-
ments, App. VI. Art. 20.
Pictures of the Pinacotheca of the Propykea, 58
note 4.
Pisistratidse, the materials prepared by, for rebuild-
ing the earlier Parthenon, 99.
Pisistratus, foundations of the Olympieum laid by,
75 ; traces of his work in the Olympieum, 78,
79, 80.
Plutarch, quotation from, respecting the loss of
the refinements of the earlier Greeks, 108 note
Polychromy : of the Parthenon, 55 ; coeval with the
Pericleian buildings, 55 ; of Propylsea, 58, 62,
70.
Projections (called &to. or ancones), left on the
surface of the stones during the progress of a
building, 25.
Promachus, Minerva, colossal statue of, on the
Acropolis, Preface ; various lines of terraces, con-
verging to the site of, 3.
Pronaos of the Parthenon, difference of diameter
between its columns and those of the posticum,
11 ; of the Olympieum, see Olympieum ; see
doors.
Proportions, see App, 1. Art. 1 (being the system used
by the Greeks and re-discovered by Mr. Lloyd) ;
rectilinear and rectangular, defined, 111 ; in-
stances of, 114; scale of, restricted to certain
series and terms, 112; no subdivisions of the
diameter of the column used as moduli, 112;
of height (viz. the vertical column to that of
the sum of the horizontal members of a front),
112 ; of the same as symmetrical with the
columniation, 112, 113; of the abacus, to the
height of the column or breadth of the front,
113; of the height of the " order," i.e. columni-
ation phis entablature, on the front, 114; of the
entablature, 114; in the spacing of the columni-
ations (a ruling element in design), 113 ; of the
cella and its subdivisions, 114; of various
details, 114; of the length of the naos or
Hecatompedon, 115.
Proportions of ichnography, or ground plan, in the
Parthenon, 9-13; in orthography or elevation,
14-18 ; definite, on the use of, 11, 104.
Propylara, present state of, 2, 60 ; steps and road-
way, 60, 62 ; outworks of, 64; architecture of,
described, 60 ; buildings anterior to, on the
same site, 60 note 2, 69 ; never entirely
finished, 60, 67 ; seems to have had no sculp-
ture in the pediment, 61 ; destruction of western
gate by Sylla, 63 ; has curved lines in its pedi-
ment, but none in the stylobate, 27, 61, 104 ; til-
ing and roof of wings, 61 ; of incomplete south
wing, 68 ; ceiling of, 58, 62 ; proportional
relation between the two Doric orders, 5], 71 ;
the level stylobate and curved entablature ac-
counted for, 104 ; lines of north wing originally
level, although now slightly curved, 28 note 6 ;
Eleusinian, 71.
Propylon of the Olympieum, 87.
Purlins, of the Parthenon, 14, 45 ; of the Theseum,
73-
Pyramidal character in Greek architecture, 106.
RAILING inclosing the chryselephantine statue m
the Parthenon, 9 ; that of the pronaos and
posticum, 46.
Red colour, traces of, 56, 58,
Refinements of construction, see Optical correc-
tions.
Restorations attempted with ill success in the Par-
thenon, 9.
Roof, supports of, in Parthenon, 14, 45 ; hipped
over the wings of the Propykea, 61 ; of the
Theseum, 73; pitch of, Parthenon, 16; Pro-
pylara, 61 ; Erechtheum, north portico, 94.
Scamilli impares: Parthenon, 15; an undoubted
proof of the original inclination of the vertical,
and curvature of the horizontal lines, 28 ; of the
Temple of Neptune at P^stum, 28 ; at Nemea,
28 note 1 ; the only test of curvature at Bassa:,
and conclusive against it, 28 ; of the Parthe-
non used in obtaining the original inclination
of the columns, 37 ; of the Propylara, 62 ;
of the Theseum, 72.
Sculptures, of the pediments of the Parthenon,
traces remaining, and of iron supports on the
cornice of the pediments, 46, 47 ; remains of
colour upon, questionable, 56 ; traces of, on the
pediments of the Theseum, 73 ; purity of, in
Greek temple architecture, 109; Archaic, 5.
Settlement cannot have affected sensibly the levels
of the Parthenon, 32.
Shadow cast, the remarkable effects of it in the
architecture of Greece, 51, 109.
Shields fixed upon the architrave of the Parthenon,
1 5 and 1 s note 3.
Snake, sacred, 96, see Erechtheum,
Spiral of the Ionic volute, 7r, App, III. Art, 12 ; the
equiangular (or logarithmic), and of Archimedes,
App. III. Art. 12.
Stairs, Propylara, 65 ; communication by, between
the different levels of the Erechtheum, 93.
Standards of length, Roman, App. v. Art. iS.
Statue of Minerva Promachus, Preface ; the chrys-
elephantine, Parthenon, 9, 34; of the Olym-
pieum, 84.
Statues, archaic, and the limitation of the colour on
them, 5.
Stones, the size of some of the largest used at
Athens, 46, 61, 75 ; how lifted, 46 note 2, 75.
TABLE, of the principal proportions in the Par-
thenon, ichnography, 13; orthography, 17; of
horizontal curvatures in several temples, 27 ; of
entasis, 40, 44; of certain preserved measure-
ments of the earlier Parthenon, 100; see also
Marks.
Temple: of Minerva, see Parthenon, Cecropium,
Erechtheum; Theseus, see Theseum; of Nike
Apteros or Victory without wings, 2, 60, 71 ; of
Jupiter, see Olympieum ; of Neptune at Parstum,
10 note 1, 28 ; horizontal curvature found only
on its fronts, 28, 104 ; at Bassa;, state of, 28
note 1 ; at Nemea, Segeste, Parstum, Rhamnus,
/Egina, and Corinth, 28.
Temples, examples of, preserved in various stages
of completion, 26 ; probable method followed in
their construction, 26; table of curvature of
various, 27.
Templet or mould, for the flutes, 51 note 4 ; for the
entasis of the columns, App. IV. Art. 14.
Theory of the optical corrections of the Greek archi-
tects, 103, seq. ; of the proportions used by the
architects of the Parthenon, App. I. Art 1.
Theseum, principal proportions and dimensions of,
73 ; its peculiar curvature in the inclined lmes
of the pediment, 73, 105 ; timbers of the roof,
73 ; cymatium, 50.
Thucydides, quotation from, respecting the frag-
ments of the earlier Parthenon, 99 note 1.
Tiling of the Parthenon, 46; of the Propylara, 61,
7i-
Timbers of the roof of the Parthenon, 14, 45 ; of
the Theseum, 73.
Trident, see Neptune,
Triglyphs, Parthenon, form of head, 52 ; colouring
of, 56.
127
Metopes, varieties in the breadth of those in the
Parthenon, 17 ; manner of fixing, 17 note 7.
Modulus in Greek Doric architecture, not to be
sought for m subdivisions of the diameter of the
column, App. I. Art. 1, 112.
Monolith, shafts of columns intended for Olympieum,
plundered by Sylla, 76, 85.
Motion, curves drawn by continued, App. III. Arts.
3, 9, 10, i2„
Mouldings, not generally worked until the finishing
of a temple, 26 ; the Greek, classification of,
48 j variety of curvature in, 53.
Mutules, the angle of the underside of, 70.
Naos of the Parthenon, disposition of the columns
in, g; named Hecatompedon, 12.
------- of the Olympieum, diagram plan of, 83;
of the earlier Parthenon, App. II. Art 2 ; of the
Parthenon, see Hecatompedon.
Neptune's Trident, mark of, discovered in the
Erechtheum, 91,
Niche in western chamber of Erechtheum, 95.
Nicomedes, see Conchoid.
Nike Apteros, Temple of, 2, 27, 71.
Octastyle, see Olympieum ; shown to have been
its original plan, 87.
Olive tree of the Erechtheum, the probable site of,
96.
Olympieum, or Temple of Jupiter Olympius, ho-
rizontal curvature of, 27; description of, 74;
dedicated by Hadrian, 74, 85 ; existing columns
the work of Antiochus Epiphanes, 76 ; the
monolith shafts prepared by him plundered by
Sylla, 76; upper step only of marble, 78;
hitherto generally supposed to have been de-
castyle but shown to have been octastyle, 77 ;
excavations described, 77-81; drums of columns
prepared by Pisistratus, 80; his foundations
oblique to the present temple, 79 ; partly taken
up and re-used, 79 ; a foundation of still greater
antiquity, 80 ; some indication of the extent of
Pisistratus's naos, 83 ; accurate orientation of
the later temple, 83; plan of the naos and
diameter of the columns, 84, 85; restored
section showing probable manner of lighting
the naos, 85 ; some of the proportions of plan
and elevation, 85 ; a supposed fragment of the
great cornice, 86 ; always intended to have
been octastyle, 87 ; its peribolus and propylon,
87.
Opislbodomus: Parthenon, disposition of the columns,
10 ; of the Olympieum, 82,
Optical corrections, 33, 34, 39 ; theory of, in Greek
architecture, 103 ; independence of the different
kinds, 103 ; appreciation of the effects, although
the causes producing them may be unknown, or
known imperfectly, 33, 106; see Heliodorus,
Philo.
Orientation, accurate, in Olympieum, 83.
Ornaments, coloured, see Polychromy ; existence of,
not to be readily assumed except where an
outline can be traced, 55, 57.
Orthostatic of the cella wall of the Parthenon,
differences in the height of the stones composing
this course, 34 ; of the Olympieum, a portion
found, S4.
Osculating Circle, see Curvature, circle of.
Outworks of the Acropolis near the Propylara, 64.
Palace of the Athenian kings, on the Acropolis,
probable site of, 7.
Pandroseum, court of, 96 ; screen wall of, 89.
Pantheon at Rome, measurements of, App. V.Alt. iS.
Parabola, a form of Conic Section, App. in. Ait.
4 ; etymology, Art. 7 ; arc of, may have been
used in setting out the horizontal curvature, 30 ;
used in the moulding of the soffits of the pedi-
ment coronas in the Theseum and Erechtheum,
51 ; difficulty of describing, by continued motion,
App. III. Art. 10.
Parthenon or Hecatompedon, present state of, 9 ;
posticum door of, 10; plan of ceiling, 14, 45 ;
sub-basement of, iS ; some fragments of upper
parts of naos, 20; pronaos door of, 20; Opis-
thodomus doors, 20; unfinished portions of, 19
note I, 26 note 3, S* note 3 ; character of, com-
pared with the Propyk-ea, 42, 53 note 1, 62, 70,
104, App. VI. Art. 20.
Parthenon, earlier, 19, 71 ; curvature of its stylo-
bate, 20, 27, 33, 105; attempt to recover its
ground plan, 100, App. II. Art 2 ; intention of
its great relative length, 101 ; see also App. II.
Art. 2.
Pedestal, of Agnppa, 1 ; of the statue of Minerva
Promachus, Preface; of Minerva Hygieia, 3,
S3-
Pedestals on the stylobate of the Parthenon, 9.
Pediment, angle of, in Parthenon, 16 ; the Propykea,
mam portico, 61 ; the Theseum, its curvature,
73; the Erechtheum, 94; when flat, apparent
deflection of the horizontal lines, 104 ; the opti-
cal reaction so produced, shown to be the
originating cause of the horizontal curvature,
first, of the entablature, 104, secondly, of the
stylobate, 104 note 4.
Pelasgic or Cyclopean walls, 2, 7, 69; gates to
Acropolis, 64.
Pelasgicum (name given to the north wall of the
Acropolis), fragments built into, 1, 6, 98 ; lower
courses, hurried construction of, 6 note 2, 99
?iote 3.
Peribolus of Olympieum, diagram with octastyle
temple, symmetrically placed in, 87.
Perpendicular, deviations from, in Greek archi-
tecture, see Inclination.
Philo, quotation from, respecting optical adjust-
ments, App. VI. Art. 20.
Pictures of the Pinacotheca of the Propykea, 58
note 4.
Pisistratidse, the materials prepared by, for rebuild-
ing the earlier Parthenon, 99.
Pisistratus, foundations of the Olympieum laid by,
75 ; traces of his work in the Olympieum, 78,
79, 80.
Plutarch, quotation from, respecting the loss of
the refinements of the earlier Greeks, 108 note
Polychromy : of the Parthenon, 55 ; coeval with the
Pericleian buildings, 55 ; of Propylsea, 58, 62,
70.
Projections (called &to. or ancones), left on the
surface of the stones during the progress of a
building, 25.
Promachus, Minerva, colossal statue of, on the
Acropolis, Preface ; various lines of terraces, con-
verging to the site of, 3.
Pronaos of the Parthenon, difference of diameter
between its columns and those of the posticum,
11 ; of the Olympieum, see Olympieum ; see
doors.
Proportions, see App, 1. Art. 1 (being the system used
by the Greeks and re-discovered by Mr. Lloyd) ;
rectilinear and rectangular, defined, 111 ; in-
stances of, 114; scale of, restricted to certain
series and terms, 112; no subdivisions of the
diameter of the column used as moduli, 112;
of height (viz. the vertical column to that of
the sum of the horizontal members of a front),
112 ; of the same as symmetrical with the
columniation, 112, 113; of the abacus, to the
height of the column or breadth of the front,
113; of the height of the " order," i.e. columni-
ation phis entablature, on the front, 114; of the
entablature, 114; in the spacing of the columni-
ations (a ruling element in design), 113 ; of the
cella and its subdivisions, 114; of various
details, 114; of the length of the naos or
Hecatompedon, 115.
Proportions of ichnography, or ground plan, in the
Parthenon, 9-13; in orthography or elevation,
14-18 ; definite, on the use of, 11, 104.
Propylara, present state of, 2, 60 ; steps and road-
way, 60, 62 ; outworks of, 64; architecture of,
described, 60 ; buildings anterior to, on the
same site, 60 note 2, 69 ; never entirely
finished, 60, 67 ; seems to have had no sculp-
ture in the pediment, 61 ; destruction of western
gate by Sylla, 63 ; has curved lines in its pedi-
ment, but none in the stylobate, 27, 61, 104 ; til-
ing and roof of wings, 61 ; of incomplete south
wing, 68 ; ceiling of, 58, 62 ; proportional
relation between the two Doric orders, 5], 71 ;
the level stylobate and curved entablature ac-
counted for, 104 ; lines of north wing originally
level, although now slightly curved, 28 note 6 ;
Eleusinian, 71.
Propylon of the Olympieum, 87.
Purlins, of the Parthenon, 14, 45 ; of the Theseum,
73-
Pyramidal character in Greek architecture, 106.
RAILING inclosing the chryselephantine statue m
the Parthenon, 9 ; that of the pronaos and
posticum, 46.
Red colour, traces of, 56, 58,
Refinements of construction, see Optical correc-
tions.
Restorations attempted with ill success in the Par-
thenon, 9.
Roof, supports of, in Parthenon, 14, 45 ; hipped
over the wings of the Propykea, 61 ; of the
Theseum, 73; pitch of, Parthenon, 16; Pro-
pylara, 61 ; Erechtheum, north portico, 94.
Scamilli impares: Parthenon, 15; an undoubted
proof of the original inclination of the vertical,
and curvature of the horizontal lines, 28 ; of the
Temple of Neptune at P^stum, 28 ; at Nemea,
28 note 1 ; the only test of curvature at Bassa:,
and conclusive against it, 28 ; of the Parthe-
non used in obtaining the original inclination
of the columns, 37 ; of the Propylara, 62 ;
of the Theseum, 72.
Sculptures, of the pediments of the Parthenon,
traces remaining, and of iron supports on the
cornice of the pediments, 46, 47 ; remains of
colour upon, questionable, 56 ; traces of, on the
pediments of the Theseum, 73 ; purity of, in
Greek temple architecture, 109; Archaic, 5.
Settlement cannot have affected sensibly the levels
of the Parthenon, 32.
Shadow cast, the remarkable effects of it in the
architecture of Greece, 51, 109.
Shields fixed upon the architrave of the Parthenon,
1 5 and 1 s note 3.
Snake, sacred, 96, see Erechtheum,
Spiral of the Ionic volute, 7r, App, III. Art, 12 ; the
equiangular (or logarithmic), and of Archimedes,
App. III. Art. 12.
Stairs, Propylara, 65 ; communication by, between
the different levels of the Erechtheum, 93.
Standards of length, Roman, App. v. Art. iS.
Statue of Minerva Promachus, Preface ; the chrys-
elephantine, Parthenon, 9, 34; of the Olym-
pieum, 84.
Statues, archaic, and the limitation of the colour on
them, 5.
Stones, the size of some of the largest used at
Athens, 46, 61, 75 ; how lifted, 46 note 2, 75.
TABLE, of the principal proportions in the Par-
thenon, ichnography, 13; orthography, 17; of
horizontal curvatures in several temples, 27 ; of
entasis, 40, 44; of certain preserved measure-
ments of the earlier Parthenon, 100; see also
Marks.
Temple: of Minerva, see Parthenon, Cecropium,
Erechtheum; Theseus, see Theseum; of Nike
Apteros or Victory without wings, 2, 60, 71 ; of
Jupiter, see Olympieum ; of Neptune at Parstum,
10 note 1, 28 ; horizontal curvature found only
on its fronts, 28, 104 ; at Bassa;, state of, 28
note 1 ; at Nemea, Segeste, Parstum, Rhamnus,
/Egina, and Corinth, 28.
Temples, examples of, preserved in various stages
of completion, 26 ; probable method followed in
their construction, 26; table of curvature of
various, 27.
Templet or mould, for the flutes, 51 note 4 ; for the
entasis of the columns, App. IV. Art. 14.
Theory of the optical corrections of the Greek archi-
tects, 103, seq. ; of the proportions used by the
architects of the Parthenon, App. I. Art 1.
Theseum, principal proportions and dimensions of,
73 ; its peculiar curvature in the inclined lmes
of the pediment, 73, 105 ; timbers of the roof,
73 ; cymatium, 50.
Thucydides, quotation from, respecting the frag-
ments of the earlier Parthenon, 99 note 1.
Tiling of the Parthenon, 46; of the Propylara, 61,
7i-
Timbers of the roof of the Parthenon, 14, 45 ; of
the Theseum, 73.
Trident, see Neptune,
Triglyphs, Parthenon, form of head, 52 ; colouring
of, 56.