Perry, Walter Copland: Greek and Roman sculpture: a popular introduction to the history of Greek and Roman sculpture (London, 1882)

402

THE MAUSOLEUM.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

WORKS OF SCOP AS
(continued).

THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS.
01. 107. 2-10S (B.C. 351-348)?

SCOPAS was engaged, at an already advanced age, in conjunction
with Bryaxis, Timotheus, and possibly Praxiteles, in executing the
plastic ornaments of the famous tomb of King Mausolus (Maussolus)
at Halicarnassus.1 This able and successful tyrant removed his resi-
dence from Mylasa, the former capital of his kingdom, to Halicar-
nassus,2 in Caria, in the building and decoration of which he spent vast
sums extorted from his subjects and his vanquished enemies. lie
was nominally a satrap of Persia, but after his revolt from Artaxcrxcs
in 362 B.C.—the year of the battle of Mantineia, in which Epaminondas
was killed, and three years before the accession of Philip of Maccdon
—he appears to have run a very prosperous career of independence
and conquest until his death in 01. 117. 2 (B.C. 353). Mis widow,
Artemisia, inconsolable for his loss, immoiialiscd her husband and
herself by rearing a tomb in his honour, which rivalled the Pyramids,
and ranked with the 'seven wonders of the world.'3 Artemisia herself
died two years after the king, while the tomb was yet unfinished ;
and it is recorded, to the honour of the artists employed, that they

1 Plin. Ar. If. xxxvi. 30. Vitniv. vii.
praefat. 12.

: Hod. Bndmn, on the Gulf of Cos, in
Anatolia.

1 i'ausan. viii. ]6. 4. Newton thinks it
not improbable that Mausolus himself may

have begun to build his own tomb, as was
not unusual with Asiatic monarchs. Vid.
Newton's Hist, of Disc, in Halicarnassus,
Cnidm, Branthida, i. 55, ami his article in
Class. Mas. July 1 S.|7.