DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3236#0139
7-1
TELL DEFENNEH.
isolation of these towns. Two small bronze
scarabs were picked up.
Of stone-working there are many examples.
Four plain seal-stones unengraved, one broken
in drilling, were found, three of pale green trans-
lucent calcite (fig. 74), the other of white crystal-
lized calcite (fig. 75); the three former are of the
Syrian type, of which an engraved porcelain one
(fig. 73) was found in the Kasr. A piece of a
polished cylinder of jasper, which had been 2
inches across, was picked up by the Arabs. Drill-
cores from tubular drillings were found of ala-
baster, obsidian, syenite, basalt, and jasper ; also
a piece of sliced lapis lazuli, showing all those
stones to have been worked at Defenneh. Many
pieces of designing tablets of limestone ruled in
squares were found in the camp and in a chamber
of the fort. Whetstones abounded; two of very
fine-grained, soft stone, quick cutting, and of
excellent quality, were found, 3 and 4 inches
long, pierced at one end for hanging up. An-
other larger and coarser whetstone, 9 inches X
2-| inches, of a sharp grit, fine grain sandstone,
worn rounded by sharpening knives on it, was
found in chamber 19 ; also a similar piece, 4J
inches, was in chamber 17. A large number of
tapering square whetstones of sandstone were
found in the camp; and on a piece of one were
some Phoenician and Kypriote characters (pi.
xl. 1). Two basalt mullers for grinding were
found in the camp. One syenite pebble pendant
was found, like the dozens which occur at Nau-
kratis. A piece of pumice was found in chamber
19; and some pieces of lead ore (galena) in the
camp, from thin veins of ore, like the pieces of the
foundation deposit. Of flint the only objects were
a burnisher 2| inches long, and three struck flakes.
71. Of pottery, beside the archaic figures noticed
before, there is a torso of a seated figure of rude
work, found in the camp. A draught-board, made
of a rectangular slab of terra-cotta marked in
3 X 10 squares, found broken up, with some
draughtmen made of rounded chips of pottery,
in chamber 9. Also a large plate scored up
into 3 x 10 squares very roughly. Many other
pieces of plates scored up in the same way were
found, suggestive of a habit of playing at draughts
after dinner. Two or three stone slabs similarly
divided were found. It was probably the idle life
of a garrison which causes these objects to be
commoner here than elsewhere. A curious little
neck of a vase of drab pottery is distinctly Greek
and not Egyptian (pi. xl. 3). A whistle in the
form of an animal's head, blown through the
mouth, is also in drab pottery, much like a whistle
I found at Tell-el-Yehudiyeh, perhaps modern.
Many instances of inscribed pottery were found;
one large jar with a symbolic eye incised beneath
one handle, and one painted beneath the other,
with a demotic inscription; another jar with
demotic inscription ; a demotic inscription on the
large vase, pi. xxv.; and about a dozen frag-
ments of demotic inscriptions on pieces of jars
and cups. Also a shuttle of Neit incised on pot-
tery, by rocking an edge-tool about £ inch wide
from side to side to produce a line ; and an incised
fragment, with h-m-hhu (bowl, owl, sun on hills).
72. Of glazed ware there is a blue ushabti
with inscription, a Shu, and an eye in green glaze,
found with the painted vases in chamber 18, along
with a smaller green Tahuti. A blue-glazed
Taurt, 3^ inches high down to the thighs, crowned
and holding one breast. A green-glazed monkey
from chamber 29, with the painted vases. A
Taurt (pi. xli. 72), a combination of Ptah-Sokar,
Khnum, and hawk (70), a symbolic eye (71), all
in green glaze of fairly good work, found with the
porcelain seal (xli. 73) in chamber 2 or 3. Also
a small crown of Lower Egypt, £ inch high, blue
glaze of delicate work, in chamber 4. Some
finely made symbolic eyes, a plain blue ushabti,
Isis and Horus, blue, found with a tiny drab lid
1^ inch across, a conoid draughtman, and a piece
of imbricated pattern vase (as xxx. 2), all in
chamber 17. Pieces of thick blue ware " pilgrim
bottle " in chamber 19. Some draughtmen of
TELL DEFENNEH.
isolation of these towns. Two small bronze
scarabs were picked up.
Of stone-working there are many examples.
Four plain seal-stones unengraved, one broken
in drilling, were found, three of pale green trans-
lucent calcite (fig. 74), the other of white crystal-
lized calcite (fig. 75); the three former are of the
Syrian type, of which an engraved porcelain one
(fig. 73) was found in the Kasr. A piece of a
polished cylinder of jasper, which had been 2
inches across, was picked up by the Arabs. Drill-
cores from tubular drillings were found of ala-
baster, obsidian, syenite, basalt, and jasper ; also
a piece of sliced lapis lazuli, showing all those
stones to have been worked at Defenneh. Many
pieces of designing tablets of limestone ruled in
squares were found in the camp and in a chamber
of the fort. Whetstones abounded; two of very
fine-grained, soft stone, quick cutting, and of
excellent quality, were found, 3 and 4 inches
long, pierced at one end for hanging up. An-
other larger and coarser whetstone, 9 inches X
2-| inches, of a sharp grit, fine grain sandstone,
worn rounded by sharpening knives on it, was
found in chamber 19 ; also a similar piece, 4J
inches, was in chamber 17. A large number of
tapering square whetstones of sandstone were
found in the camp; and on a piece of one were
some Phoenician and Kypriote characters (pi.
xl. 1). Two basalt mullers for grinding were
found in the camp. One syenite pebble pendant
was found, like the dozens which occur at Nau-
kratis. A piece of pumice was found in chamber
19; and some pieces of lead ore (galena) in the
camp, from thin veins of ore, like the pieces of the
foundation deposit. Of flint the only objects were
a burnisher 2| inches long, and three struck flakes.
71. Of pottery, beside the archaic figures noticed
before, there is a torso of a seated figure of rude
work, found in the camp. A draught-board, made
of a rectangular slab of terra-cotta marked in
3 X 10 squares, found broken up, with some
draughtmen made of rounded chips of pottery,
in chamber 9. Also a large plate scored up
into 3 x 10 squares very roughly. Many other
pieces of plates scored up in the same way were
found, suggestive of a habit of playing at draughts
after dinner. Two or three stone slabs similarly
divided were found. It was probably the idle life
of a garrison which causes these objects to be
commoner here than elsewhere. A curious little
neck of a vase of drab pottery is distinctly Greek
and not Egyptian (pi. xl. 3). A whistle in the
form of an animal's head, blown through the
mouth, is also in drab pottery, much like a whistle
I found at Tell-el-Yehudiyeh, perhaps modern.
Many instances of inscribed pottery were found;
one large jar with a symbolic eye incised beneath
one handle, and one painted beneath the other,
with a demotic inscription; another jar with
demotic inscription ; a demotic inscription on the
large vase, pi. xxv.; and about a dozen frag-
ments of demotic inscriptions on pieces of jars
and cups. Also a shuttle of Neit incised on pot-
tery, by rocking an edge-tool about £ inch wide
from side to side to produce a line ; and an incised
fragment, with h-m-hhu (bowl, owl, sun on hills).
72. Of glazed ware there is a blue ushabti
with inscription, a Shu, and an eye in green glaze,
found with the painted vases in chamber 18, along
with a smaller green Tahuti. A blue-glazed
Taurt, 3^ inches high down to the thighs, crowned
and holding one breast. A green-glazed monkey
from chamber 29, with the painted vases. A
Taurt (pi. xli. 72), a combination of Ptah-Sokar,
Khnum, and hawk (70), a symbolic eye (71), all
in green glaze of fairly good work, found with the
porcelain seal (xli. 73) in chamber 2 or 3. Also
a small crown of Lower Egypt, £ inch high, blue
glaze of delicate work, in chamber 4. Some
finely made symbolic eyes, a plain blue ushabti,
Isis and Horus, blue, found with a tiny drab lid
1^ inch across, a conoid draughtman, and a piece
of imbricated pattern vase (as xxx. 2), all in
chamber 17. Pieces of thick blue ware " pilgrim
bottle " in chamber 19. Some draughtmen of