DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.3349#0012
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THE RECORDED TEMPLES OF MEMPHIS
Proteus came between Ramessu II and III, though
his exact identification may not be clear ; and he
lived a little before the Trojan war, which we know
was correlated with the reign of Tausert. The date of
Merenptah agrees well with the period indicated by
Herodotos. The foreign Aphrodite whose temple
was here would be the Egyptian Hathor ; and in
the court of Merenptah we found the only known
Memphite tablets of Hathor (PI. XXVIII). Thus by
the general position in the city, by the early Greek
pottery, by the date of the temple, by the Hathor
tablets, and by many pieces of prehistoric foreign
potter}' found here, it seems clear that we have the
temple of Proteus before us. It will be excavated
next season.
8. Osiris-Sokar had a temple here, in a place
named Aper (Mariette, Abydos, i, 46), otherwise named
Bahti or Fat (Mar. Ab. i, 48a); also in Ankli-taui,
a quarter of Memphis, where the nebes and sont
trees grew (De Rouge, Edfou, cxliii). How far these
names refer to one temple is not known. Sokar is
probably a very early god, and we should look for
his shrine near the Apis region.
Khnum was worshipped in a temple near Memphis
at Uafet (B.D.G. 146), and his sacred ram at Hatut
(B.D.G. 175). The latter might be the name of the
shrine only, in the place named Uafet.
Bast had a temple at Pa-penat {Mon. Div. 34a?);
and Sekhmet was at Fuat (B.G.D. 240), though
probably also worshipped with Ptah in his temple.
Tahuti had a temple built by Ramessu II. (Br.
Rec. iii, 224). The Aten was adored here (Rouge,
Inscr. 54), and blocks of the work of Akhenaten
were found by Sir Chas. Nicholson and others. The
temple of the Kabiri was entered by Cambyses, who
burnt their images ; who the Kabiri were we cannot
say, but they are described as being sons of Ptah,
and like him (H. iii, 37), Apparently there was a
shrine of Anubis, as we read of " the road of Anpu "
(B.D.G. 1108). The principal long road remaining,
is that paved with red granite through Kom en
Nawy, leading to the limestone temple (see building
east of sacred lake, PI. XXVII); possibly this might
be the temple of Anubis. There is also an allusion
to Sebek, as the " Wall of Sebek " is named in the
Harris papyrus.
We have now some clue to the number of temples
that remain to be found in this great capital. There
were doubtless many other chapels and dependencies
which have escaped record.
9. Not only was there a foreign settlement at the
Kom el Qala', but farther north there seems to have
been another. Prof. Sayce informed me of an inscrip-
tion naming a settlement of the Hittites, described
as north of the temple of Ptah, south of the temple
of Tahutmes I and IV, and on the west of the
mound which lay east of those temples. As the
direct north of the Ptah temenos seems to have been
occupied by the lake, we look north of the approach,
to the Kom en Nawy. There is a quantity of granite
building of late date, re-using red granite blocks of
Amenemhat II and Aahmes-Si-Neit, at about T on
the Kom. If this were the site of the temple of
Tahutmes, then the Kom would be east of the temple,
and the Hittite region might be about H, south of
the temple, west of the Kom, and north of the Ptah
temenos, as described. Such seems the most likely
site to agree with all these data. It is stated to be
154 set in area. The set is supposed by Lepsius to
be either 40 cubits or 100 cubits in the side (Brugsch,
Aegyptologie, 373). If of the lesser size, the 154 set
would be about two-thirds the area of Kom en Nawy,
a very possible size for a foreign settlement.
Another foreign settlement is supposed to be
indicated by the name Pa-ta-yaht, the land of Yah,
or the Jews' quarter, of Roman age (B.D.G. 138).
It is to be expected that the foreign quarters should
be along the east side, nearest to the river, as
commerce was their purpose.
10. The other parts of the site shewn in the map
(PI. I) are not connected with any description that
we can trace. Our exploratory work was at various
points. Those already named, or described farther
on, are as follows:—the Great Gate and eastern line
of the camp ; at T, where some blocks were found
under the palms; around all sides of the Ptah
temenos; at the eastern entrance of Ptolemy IV;
at the Temple of Merenptah ; along the east side
of the Apis site ; on the west side, finding the Siamen
building ; south of Kom Helul for the pottery kilns ;
and at the West Hall and the pond. Other work
not here described was a trial on the fort. The
structure of that mound was settled to have been
like that of the forts of Naukratis, Defenneh, and
Pithom—a cellular platform to support buildings
above it. A portion of a court on the top contained
a fragment of an immense column of white limestone,
with the cartouche of Apries, shewing that one of
the palaces was of the XXVIth dynasty. The
mound has been added to largely on the north face
by extra walling. We tried to reach a corner deposit
at the N.W., but were stopped by water. Some
THE RECORDED TEMPLES OF MEMPHIS
Proteus came between Ramessu II and III, though
his exact identification may not be clear ; and he
lived a little before the Trojan war, which we know
was correlated with the reign of Tausert. The date of
Merenptah agrees well with the period indicated by
Herodotos. The foreign Aphrodite whose temple
was here would be the Egyptian Hathor ; and in
the court of Merenptah we found the only known
Memphite tablets of Hathor (PI. XXVIII). Thus by
the general position in the city, by the early Greek
pottery, by the date of the temple, by the Hathor
tablets, and by many pieces of prehistoric foreign
potter}' found here, it seems clear that we have the
temple of Proteus before us. It will be excavated
next season.
8. Osiris-Sokar had a temple here, in a place
named Aper (Mariette, Abydos, i, 46), otherwise named
Bahti or Fat (Mar. Ab. i, 48a); also in Ankli-taui,
a quarter of Memphis, where the nebes and sont
trees grew (De Rouge, Edfou, cxliii). How far these
names refer to one temple is not known. Sokar is
probably a very early god, and we should look for
his shrine near the Apis region.
Khnum was worshipped in a temple near Memphis
at Uafet (B.D.G. 146), and his sacred ram at Hatut
(B.D.G. 175). The latter might be the name of the
shrine only, in the place named Uafet.
Bast had a temple at Pa-penat {Mon. Div. 34a?);
and Sekhmet was at Fuat (B.G.D. 240), though
probably also worshipped with Ptah in his temple.
Tahuti had a temple built by Ramessu II. (Br.
Rec. iii, 224). The Aten was adored here (Rouge,
Inscr. 54), and blocks of the work of Akhenaten
were found by Sir Chas. Nicholson and others. The
temple of the Kabiri was entered by Cambyses, who
burnt their images ; who the Kabiri were we cannot
say, but they are described as being sons of Ptah,
and like him (H. iii, 37), Apparently there was a
shrine of Anubis, as we read of " the road of Anpu "
(B.D.G. 1108). The principal long road remaining,
is that paved with red granite through Kom en
Nawy, leading to the limestone temple (see building
east of sacred lake, PI. XXVII); possibly this might
be the temple of Anubis. There is also an allusion
to Sebek, as the " Wall of Sebek " is named in the
Harris papyrus.
We have now some clue to the number of temples
that remain to be found in this great capital. There
were doubtless many other chapels and dependencies
which have escaped record.
9. Not only was there a foreign settlement at the
Kom el Qala', but farther north there seems to have
been another. Prof. Sayce informed me of an inscrip-
tion naming a settlement of the Hittites, described
as north of the temple of Ptah, south of the temple
of Tahutmes I and IV, and on the west of the
mound which lay east of those temples. As the
direct north of the Ptah temenos seems to have been
occupied by the lake, we look north of the approach,
to the Kom en Nawy. There is a quantity of granite
building of late date, re-using red granite blocks of
Amenemhat II and Aahmes-Si-Neit, at about T on
the Kom. If this were the site of the temple of
Tahutmes, then the Kom would be east of the temple,
and the Hittite region might be about H, south of
the temple, west of the Kom, and north of the Ptah
temenos, as described. Such seems the most likely
site to agree with all these data. It is stated to be
154 set in area. The set is supposed by Lepsius to
be either 40 cubits or 100 cubits in the side (Brugsch,
Aegyptologie, 373). If of the lesser size, the 154 set
would be about two-thirds the area of Kom en Nawy,
a very possible size for a foreign settlement.
Another foreign settlement is supposed to be
indicated by the name Pa-ta-yaht, the land of Yah,
or the Jews' quarter, of Roman age (B.D.G. 138).
It is to be expected that the foreign quarters should
be along the east side, nearest to the river, as
commerce was their purpose.
10. The other parts of the site shewn in the map
(PI. I) are not connected with any description that
we can trace. Our exploratory work was at various
points. Those already named, or described farther
on, are as follows:—the Great Gate and eastern line
of the camp ; at T, where some blocks were found
under the palms; around all sides of the Ptah
temenos; at the eastern entrance of Ptolemy IV;
at the Temple of Merenptah ; along the east side
of the Apis site ; on the west side, finding the Siamen
building ; south of Kom Helul for the pottery kilns ;
and at the West Hall and the pond. Other work
not here described was a trial on the fort. The
structure of that mound was settled to have been
like that of the forts of Naukratis, Defenneh, and
Pithom—a cellular platform to support buildings
above it. A portion of a court on the top contained
a fragment of an immense column of white limestone,
with the cartouche of Apries, shewing that one of
the palaces was of the XXVIth dynasty. The
mound has been added to largely on the north face
by extra walling. We tried to reach a corner deposit
at the N.W., but were stopped by water. Some