DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0363
IUPPITER TONANS
305
temples Metellus placed Lysippus’ equestrian statues of Alexander’s
generals, and in them were a number of famous works of art (Fest. 363 ;
Plin. NH xxxvi. 24, 34, 40). According to Vitruvius (iii. 2. 5) the temple
of Jupiter was the work of Hermodorus of Salamis (RE viii. 861 -862), and
was an example of a peripteros with six columns across the front and
rear and eleven on the sides. The space between the columns was
equal to that between the columns and the wall of the cella. As
there were no inscriptions on the temples (Veil. loc. cit.) and evidently
representations of a lizard and a frog among the decorations {σαύρα,
βάτραχος), the legend arose that the architects were two Spartans, Saurus
and Batrachus ; and further that, as the decorations in the temple of
Jupiter belonged to that of Juno, and vice versa, the statues of the
deities had been set up in the wrong cellae by the mistake of the workmen
(Plin. NH xxxvi. 42-43 ; RE iii. 145). The idea that an Ionic capital
now in S. Lorenzo fuori has anything to do with these temples has
generally been abandoned (HJ 539, n. 87).
After 14 b.c. Augustus either rebuilt the porticus Metelli, or replaced
it by the Porticus Octaviae (q.v.), and presumably restored the enclosed
temples at the same time. That of Jupiter is mentioned on an undated
inscription of the empire (CIL vi. 8708 : aedituus de aede Iovis porticus
Octaviae), and it is included under the rubric Aedes of Region IX in
Not. (om. Cur.). The temples are also represented on a fragment (33)
of the Marble Plan, that of Juno as hexastyle prostyle, and that of
Jupiter as hexastyle and peripteral but with ten columns on a side instead
of eleven, as Vitruvius says it had (see above). This discrepancy may
perhaps be explained as due to some changes made by Augustus’ restora-
tion. Lugli (ZA 229) maintains that, like the porticus Octaviae, they
were restored by Severus.
The existing ruins of both temples are concealed for the most part by
modern houses in the Via di S. Angelo in Pescheria, and consist chiefly
of substructures and walls of travertine and of brickwork, with
fragments of marble columns and entablature. Three fluted columns
of white marble belonging to the temple of Juno, 12.50 metres in height
and 1.25 in diameter, with Corinthian capitals and entablature, are
visible in No. 11 of that street. Of the history of these temples after
the fourth century, nothing is known (HJ 538-540 ; Rosch. ii. 684-686.
Cf. also Bull. d. Inst. 1861, 241-245 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1868, 108-132).
Iuppiter Tonans, aedes (templa, Martial; ναός, Cass. Dio cit.) : a temple on
the Capitol, vowed by Augustus in 26 b.c. because of his narrow escape
from being struck by lightning during his Cantabrian campaign, and
dedicated 1st September, 22 b.c. (Mon. Anc. iv. 5 ; Suet. Aug. 29 ; Mart,
vii. 60. 2 ; Cass. Dio liv. 4; Fast. Amit. Ant. Arv. ad Kai. Sept., CIL i2.
p. 244, 248 ; vi. 2295).1 The name Iuppiter Tonans (cf. Ov. Fast. ii. 69 :
Capitolinumque Tonantem ; Mart. v. 16. 5 : falcifer Tonans) was a
1 Cf. also CIL vi. 32323, 1. 31.
u
A.D.R.
305
temples Metellus placed Lysippus’ equestrian statues of Alexander’s
generals, and in them were a number of famous works of art (Fest. 363 ;
Plin. NH xxxvi. 24, 34, 40). According to Vitruvius (iii. 2. 5) the temple
of Jupiter was the work of Hermodorus of Salamis (RE viii. 861 -862), and
was an example of a peripteros with six columns across the front and
rear and eleven on the sides. The space between the columns was
equal to that between the columns and the wall of the cella. As
there were no inscriptions on the temples (Veil. loc. cit.) and evidently
representations of a lizard and a frog among the decorations {σαύρα,
βάτραχος), the legend arose that the architects were two Spartans, Saurus
and Batrachus ; and further that, as the decorations in the temple of
Jupiter belonged to that of Juno, and vice versa, the statues of the
deities had been set up in the wrong cellae by the mistake of the workmen
(Plin. NH xxxvi. 42-43 ; RE iii. 145). The idea that an Ionic capital
now in S. Lorenzo fuori has anything to do with these temples has
generally been abandoned (HJ 539, n. 87).
After 14 b.c. Augustus either rebuilt the porticus Metelli, or replaced
it by the Porticus Octaviae (q.v.), and presumably restored the enclosed
temples at the same time. That of Jupiter is mentioned on an undated
inscription of the empire (CIL vi. 8708 : aedituus de aede Iovis porticus
Octaviae), and it is included under the rubric Aedes of Region IX in
Not. (om. Cur.). The temples are also represented on a fragment (33)
of the Marble Plan, that of Juno as hexastyle prostyle, and that of
Jupiter as hexastyle and peripteral but with ten columns on a side instead
of eleven, as Vitruvius says it had (see above). This discrepancy may
perhaps be explained as due to some changes made by Augustus’ restora-
tion. Lugli (ZA 229) maintains that, like the porticus Octaviae, they
were restored by Severus.
The existing ruins of both temples are concealed for the most part by
modern houses in the Via di S. Angelo in Pescheria, and consist chiefly
of substructures and walls of travertine and of brickwork, with
fragments of marble columns and entablature. Three fluted columns
of white marble belonging to the temple of Juno, 12.50 metres in height
and 1.25 in diameter, with Corinthian capitals and entablature, are
visible in No. 11 of that street. Of the history of these temples after
the fourth century, nothing is known (HJ 538-540 ; Rosch. ii. 684-686.
Cf. also Bull. d. Inst. 1861, 241-245 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1868, 108-132).
Iuppiter Tonans, aedes (templa, Martial; ναός, Cass. Dio cit.) : a temple on
the Capitol, vowed by Augustus in 26 b.c. because of his narrow escape
from being struck by lightning during his Cantabrian campaign, and
dedicated 1st September, 22 b.c. (Mon. Anc. iv. 5 ; Suet. Aug. 29 ; Mart,
vii. 60. 2 ; Cass. Dio liv. 4; Fast. Amit. Ant. Arv. ad Kai. Sept., CIL i2.
p. 244, 248 ; vi. 2295).1 The name Iuppiter Tonans (cf. Ov. Fast. ii. 69 :
Capitolinumque Tonantem ; Mart. v. 16. 5 : falcifer Tonans) was a
1 Cf. also CIL vi. 32323, 1. 31.
u
A.D.R.