DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0637
VIA APPIA
559
the case on the Florence relief. The existing architectural fragments
belong to the final restoration by Julia Domna, and these, together with
the coins and reliefs, enable us to restore the temple with some degree
of accuracy. The change from Ionic to Corinthian capitals seems to
have been made during the first century, probably by the Flavians, but
it is not probable that the temple of the third century differed materially
from that of the first except in this respect and in the greater height of
the podium. It was of white marble, peripteral, with twenty columns
connected by metal gratings. The roof was dome-shaped, with an
opening in the centre for the exit of smoke of the sacred fire. This
opening must have been protected by metal work of some kind, which
would allow the entrance of light. There are indications of at least
one window in the cella wall. The shafts of the columns were fluted,
0.51 metre in diameter and about 4.45 in height. The door was on a
level with the top of the podium, and not approached by steps as on the
coins of Augustus.
(For restorations, discussion and literature of this temple, see Jord,
i. 2. 293, 421-423; Gilb. i. 301-310; iii. 405-415; Jordan, Der Tempel
d. Vesta u. d. Haus d. Vestalinnen, 1886 ; Auer, Der Tempel d. Vesta
u. d. Haus d. Vestalinnen, Denkschrift d. Wiener Akad. 1888, 209-228 ;
Mitt. 1889, 245-247; Altm. 51-60; HC 197-204; Thedenat 83-92,
312-314; Middleton i. 289-299; DR 126-137; RE Suppl. iv. 474-476 ;
Capitolium ii. 219-224 ; HFP 44-46).
Via Appia : the road built in 312 by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus
to Capua, prolonged to Venusia in 291 and then to Tarentum (281) and
Brundusium (264) (Liv. ix. 29). It was among the most famous of Roman
roads (Strabo v. 3. 9, p. 237 ; Stat. Silv. iv. 3. 1-3, 40-55 ; ii. 2. 12 :
longarum regina viarum ; Not. app.1; Eins. II. 1,8; 13. 20). Its inde-
pendent existence began opposite the Septizonium, where the roads
from the Colosseum and the circus Maximus and the vicus Piscinae
Publicae all join ; but we know nothing of the name of the short intra-
mural portion. It issued from the Porta Capena of the Servian
wall, and through the wall of Aurelian by the Porta Appia, curving
slightly and ascending through a cutting (Clivus Martis) before it
reached the latter. This part of its course ran a little further north-
east than the modern Via di Porta S. Sebastiano. It was flanked by
tombs and columbaria both within and without the walls.
The first milestone was situated just inside the porta Appia (LS iii. 11 ;
CIL x. 6812-3 > HF i. p. 409). The original road was only gravelled
(glareo strata) ; in 296 b.c. a footpath was laid saxo quadrato from
the gate to the templum Martis (Liv. x. 23. 12) ; three years later the
whole road was paved with silex from the temple to Bovillae (ib. 47. 4),
1 William of Malmesbury, who gives a list of fourteen of the gates, adds the name of
the road in each case. It has not been thought necessary to cite these separately.
559
the case on the Florence relief. The existing architectural fragments
belong to the final restoration by Julia Domna, and these, together with
the coins and reliefs, enable us to restore the temple with some degree
of accuracy. The change from Ionic to Corinthian capitals seems to
have been made during the first century, probably by the Flavians, but
it is not probable that the temple of the third century differed materially
from that of the first except in this respect and in the greater height of
the podium. It was of white marble, peripteral, with twenty columns
connected by metal gratings. The roof was dome-shaped, with an
opening in the centre for the exit of smoke of the sacred fire. This
opening must have been protected by metal work of some kind, which
would allow the entrance of light. There are indications of at least
one window in the cella wall. The shafts of the columns were fluted,
0.51 metre in diameter and about 4.45 in height. The door was on a
level with the top of the podium, and not approached by steps as on the
coins of Augustus.
(For restorations, discussion and literature of this temple, see Jord,
i. 2. 293, 421-423; Gilb. i. 301-310; iii. 405-415; Jordan, Der Tempel
d. Vesta u. d. Haus d. Vestalinnen, 1886 ; Auer, Der Tempel d. Vesta
u. d. Haus d. Vestalinnen, Denkschrift d. Wiener Akad. 1888, 209-228 ;
Mitt. 1889, 245-247; Altm. 51-60; HC 197-204; Thedenat 83-92,
312-314; Middleton i. 289-299; DR 126-137; RE Suppl. iv. 474-476 ;
Capitolium ii. 219-224 ; HFP 44-46).
Via Appia : the road built in 312 by the censor Appius Claudius Caecus
to Capua, prolonged to Venusia in 291 and then to Tarentum (281) and
Brundusium (264) (Liv. ix. 29). It was among the most famous of Roman
roads (Strabo v. 3. 9, p. 237 ; Stat. Silv. iv. 3. 1-3, 40-55 ; ii. 2. 12 :
longarum regina viarum ; Not. app.1; Eins. II. 1,8; 13. 20). Its inde-
pendent existence began opposite the Septizonium, where the roads
from the Colosseum and the circus Maximus and the vicus Piscinae
Publicae all join ; but we know nothing of the name of the short intra-
mural portion. It issued from the Porta Capena of the Servian
wall, and through the wall of Aurelian by the Porta Appia, curving
slightly and ascending through a cutting (Clivus Martis) before it
reached the latter. This part of its course ran a little further north-
east than the modern Via di Porta S. Sebastiano. It was flanked by
tombs and columbaria both within and without the walls.
The first milestone was situated just inside the porta Appia (LS iii. 11 ;
CIL x. 6812-3 > HF i. p. 409). The original road was only gravelled
(glareo strata) ; in 296 b.c. a footpath was laid saxo quadrato from
the gate to the templum Martis (Liv. x. 23. 12) ; three years later the
whole road was paved with silex from the temple to Bovillae (ib. 47. 4),
1 William of Malmesbury, who gives a list of fourteen of the gates, adds the name of
the road in each case. It has not been thought necessary to cite these separately.