Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

2. THE RELIGION OF EUMENEIA. 359

There is no evidence as to the method of appointment to the
priesthood or the term of office. The priesthood of Zeus Panamaros
was annual, and the office was elective; but the choice usually (perhaps
regularly) fell within a certain small number of families. In earlier
times there is every probability that the office was hereditary in all
the great hiera ; and the title ' hereditary priest1' was used even after
the rule of succession was modified. The priests not merely superin-
tended the upkeep of the temple and the ritual, but also provided,
according to their individual fortune and spirit, for the splendour of
the festivals and entertainments2.

Dances formed a part of the ceremonial in honour of the god and
the goddess. In Ionia and Bithynia, especially, these dances developed
into a public show, approximating to mimesis, though wanting the
thoroughly dramatic element. In those regions, as Lucian3 mentions,
the people would spend day after day at the regular season in watch-
ing Titans and Korybantes i and Satyrs and Boukoloi; and we need
not hesitate to extend the custom to Phrygia, though in Phrygia it
continued more a purely religious ceremony and was not elaborated
into an artistic exhibition. The Boukoloi, worshippers of Dionysos
Kathegemon the agios ravpos, formed a society at Pergamos which
contained, besides 18 ordinary Boukoloi, an Archiboukolos, two
Hymn-teachers, two Silenoi and a Choregos5: here the elements of
mimesis are present, a chorus of worshippers instructed in singing
and choral movements, with two Silenoi. The Korybantes had
a Phrygian origin; and their dancing is represented on coins of
many Phrygian cities, e.g. Laodiceia, Apameia, Akmonia. The modern
dervish establishments at Konia and Kara-Hissar, with their music
and their instructors and directors in the dance, preserve much of the
character of the old Phrygian corps of dancing Korybantes, which
doubtless existed at such hiera as Attanassos °.

In the close connexion between Eumeneia and Attanassos, there
must have been officials (probably Neojwioi7) of the city regulating

1 iepevs 81a yivovs at Dionysopolis no. 4 A priest of the Korybantes at Hali-
35. Compare p. 51. karnassos BCH 1880 p. 399.

2 Hence the regular commendation 6 Frankel Inschr. Pergam. II 485.

of a priest of Panamaros is Upareva-as c This paragraph is introduced here

cvcrefias p.iv wpoj tovs 8eois, (fiiKoreipois 8e to complete the picture of the hieron :

irpbs tovs av8payrrovs BCH 1. c. it would suit Apameia or Akmonia,

3 Kara rbv Ttraypivov (koo-tol Kaipbv . . . where coins prove the existence of
......Ka6r)vrai. Si' r)ptpas Tiravas kcu Korybantes.

Kopu/3an-a? kcu Sarupou? Ka\ BovkoXous 7 On Seopoioi see Hicks p. 80.
6pa>vT€s de Salt. yg.