Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

372 X. EUMENEIA.

The prominence of Apollo in the religion and the coinage of
Eumeneia suggests that a tribe Apollonis probably existedx and that ■
the native element in the composite foundation was enrolled in it.

Hadrianis was doubtless an old tribe baptized anew; its former
name is unknown, but if a tribe Dias existed, it would naturally be
selected to bear the name of Hadrianus Olympius. No evidence is
known that Hadrian visited Eumeneia ; but he was of course honoured
by many cities which he did not visit.

Kleon Agapetos, mentioned on coins of Augustus and Li via, was
probably father of [C] Julius Kleon, Archiereus [Asias] on coins of
Agrippina. Bassa, High-priestess [of Asia], was wife of Julius Kleon2
(BACCA • KAEfiNOZ may bear that sense, p. 150).

§ 8. The Turkish Conquest of the Eumenian valley is obscure ;
not a single fact is recorded; and we are reduced to inference from
the history of the districts around. By the arrangement made with
the Turks about 1072, Eumeneia remained part of the Byzantine
territory. But the easy route down the Maeander to Eumeneia, and
thence into the Banaz-Ova, must have been peculiarly tempting to
the nomad Turks:i, who were henceforth masters of Pisidia and
probably of the Apamean valley. In 1097 the arrival of Ducas at
Lampe re-established Byzantine authority in the district4. But in
1146 an incidental reference of John Cinnamus brings before us one
of the Turkish marauding bands in the valley between Eumeneia and
Apameia; though Manuel had believed that in this district he was
safe from any attack5. In the following years such raids must have
been frequent. In 1158 Manuel Comnenus doubtless traversed the
Eumenian district, when he advanced by Philadelpheia into the Pen-
tapolis °, which seems already to have been permanently occupied by
the Turks; but this spasmodic attack produced no good result. In
1175 Manuel refortified Siblia; but his attempt to recover his hold on
the district proved a failure. The fortifications of Siblia were dis-
mantled in 1176; and probably no Byzantine force ever again entered

1 Apollonis at Laodiceia p. 60, at nicated this, writes that Mr. Head must
a Bithynian city LW 1183, at Dorylaion be followed, and he withdraws his
Radet en Plirygie p. 140, Ath. Mitth. published inference from Borrell's
1895 p. 18. reading.

2 Imhoof GM p. 211. Bassa is men- 3 On the gradual nomadization of Asia
tioned on a coin attributed by Borrell Minor by the Turks see pp. 15 ff, 215 f.
to Domitia; but Mr. Head says that 4 See pp. 17, 227 (date wrongly given
the Empress's name is not legible, and 1092 in latter place).

assigns the coin doubtfully to Agrippina. 5 See Ch. XI § 25 and App. I.

M. Imhoof-Blumer, to whom I oominu- c See pp. 19, 598.