Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

400 XI. APAMEIA.

spring (Sunun-bashi, Water's Head) is now blocked up by huge
boulders, which look as if they had fallen in from above. The acropolis
hill rises sharp up behind the springs; and the idea has suggested
itself to many observers that the boulders lying in the springs once
formed an overhanging cave.

' The stream runs down in a full strong rapid current of varying
breadth. A good deal of water is diverted from the main stream,
but still it is in some places quite 25 feet broad'. About 200 yards
below the head fountains, there is another source in the rock above
the left bank, which is said to have suddenly appeared about fifty
years ago. It alone of all the springs supplies good water for drink-
ing, and most of the water is carried away by a wooden pipe for the
use of the village. It is called Huda-verdi, " God has given2."

' The glen down which the stream flows is always green, fresh, and
lovely; and in the early summer thousands of yellow irises, growing
in the water and along the banks, and innumerable other wild flowers
add to its beauty. Above rise the barren, rocky hills ; and the only
sound heard is the ceaseless sad murmur of the waters or the occasional
twitter of some solitary bird.'

Hamilton's description (1499) is as follows. ' At the base of a rocky
cliff a considerable stream of water gushes out with great rapidity, and
flows down the narrow channel with considerable force, the noise of
which, notwithstanding a wind, I had heard on the hills above. It
was impossible not to perceive at once that this was the Marsyas or
Katarrkaktes. ... It appeared as if it had formerly risen in the centre
of a great cavern, and that the surrounding rocks had fallen in from
the cliff above.'

The Marsyas rises at an elevation of 2985 ft., and after a course
of a mile3 joins the Maeander, 2,840 ft. : the fall is about 1 in 0,6.

Dineir-Water is the only stream that flows through the middle of
Apameia; and therefore it must be the Marsyas, which beyond all
others was the river of Apameia. To its source the city legends clung;
and it alone is said to have flowed through the Greek city, for though
the Maeander flowed through Kelainai, Strabo makes it clear that the

1 It is shallow, hence this breadth and the natives assured me that it was
implies no proportionate volume of not applied to anything except the new
water. source. M. Weber p. 29 confirms my

2 Prof. G. Hirschfeld errs in giving account. Hirschfeld did not observe
the name Huda-verdi to the branch the difference between this source and
which we name Marsyas. That name the main stream which rises above in
is, I believe, never applied to a spring the ' Felsengrotte.'

whose water is not reckoned drinkable ; 8 Furlongs yi in an air-line.