DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4680#0082
9. AULOKRENE. 413
parts, the acropolis and the town. We may be sure that the original
centre was the acropolis, whither in primitive time the agricultural
people resorted in case of danger, and where the protecting deities of
Kelainai had their home. It is true that, according to Xenophon, the
acropolis was fortified by Xerxes ; but we should not infer that it had
not previously been used as a citadelx. The situation of the ancient
Aeolic Smyrna was not unlike that of Kelainai; it had a citadel on
the summit of the lofty hill2, and the town was situated at the foot of
the hill beside the bay. But the site of Kelainai was more obviously
double than that of Smyrna, for a considerable distance must have
separated the citadel from the town; hence the name was always
a plural, Kelainai3.
The situation of Kelainai may probably be taken as typical of many
old Phrygian cities. Xenophon mentions Keramon Agora as a great
city, and we distinguish there also a trading town and a citadel 4i
Again, we have seen in Ch. V § 5 that there was both a city Attouda
on the higher ground, and a hieron and market of Men Karou in the
plain below the city. These analogies throw light on the origin of
the town Kelainai. There doubtless sprang up a market in the plain.
But, in order that the market should be a safe resort, it had to be
placed under the guardianship of religion. Thus arose an altar, and
a cultus common to all those who frequented the market, guaranteeing
their safety while they were at business ; and in this way intercourse
and trade and interchange of ideas and products were connected with
the cultus of the deity. Several other markets of this type have been
already mentioned5, but their position in the history of the country
was not fully brought out. The hieta of the country did not all
spring up in places where there wTere manifest signs of the divine
presence (as at Hierapolis, pp. 85 ff). Some of them originated in
1 See p. 418 note. of cities is inconsistent with the sugges-
2 This hill overhangs the N.E. corner tion advanced by Johannson Bezz. Beitr.
of the gulf, and at its southern base lay XIII pp. 111 ff, and approved by Brug-
the town. mann Griech. Gram. § 82, that city-namca
3 The explanation of the plural form in -01 and -m have developed- out of
from the union of various Jeomai in locatives, i. e. that the older forms AtX-
a single city seems to me unsuited to <f>ot, at Delphos, and 'Adrjvai, at Athens,
the facts. Athens resembled Kelainai: being misunderstood in later times,
there also two separate centres existed, were treated as plural nominatives,
the citadel on the acropolis and the AeX<£ot and 'Adrjvai. This explanation
commercial town on the sea at Pha- would probably never commend itself
leron; and the plural name Athenai to a historian or student of society,
was always used for the united city. 4 See Ch. XIII § 13.
This explanation of the plural names 5 See pp. 128, 168, 254.
parts, the acropolis and the town. We may be sure that the original
centre was the acropolis, whither in primitive time the agricultural
people resorted in case of danger, and where the protecting deities of
Kelainai had their home. It is true that, according to Xenophon, the
acropolis was fortified by Xerxes ; but we should not infer that it had
not previously been used as a citadelx. The situation of the ancient
Aeolic Smyrna was not unlike that of Kelainai; it had a citadel on
the summit of the lofty hill2, and the town was situated at the foot of
the hill beside the bay. But the site of Kelainai was more obviously
double than that of Smyrna, for a considerable distance must have
separated the citadel from the town; hence the name was always
a plural, Kelainai3.
The situation of Kelainai may probably be taken as typical of many
old Phrygian cities. Xenophon mentions Keramon Agora as a great
city, and we distinguish there also a trading town and a citadel 4i
Again, we have seen in Ch. V § 5 that there was both a city Attouda
on the higher ground, and a hieron and market of Men Karou in the
plain below the city. These analogies throw light on the origin of
the town Kelainai. There doubtless sprang up a market in the plain.
But, in order that the market should be a safe resort, it had to be
placed under the guardianship of religion. Thus arose an altar, and
a cultus common to all those who frequented the market, guaranteeing
their safety while they were at business ; and in this way intercourse
and trade and interchange of ideas and products were connected with
the cultus of the deity. Several other markets of this type have been
already mentioned5, but their position in the history of the country
was not fully brought out. The hieta of the country did not all
spring up in places where there wTere manifest signs of the divine
presence (as at Hierapolis, pp. 85 ff). Some of them originated in
1 See p. 418 note. of cities is inconsistent with the sugges-
2 This hill overhangs the N.E. corner tion advanced by Johannson Bezz. Beitr.
of the gulf, and at its southern base lay XIII pp. 111 ff, and approved by Brug-
the town. mann Griech. Gram. § 82, that city-namca
3 The explanation of the plural form in -01 and -m have developed- out of
from the union of various Jeomai in locatives, i. e. that the older forms AtX-
a single city seems to me unsuited to <f>ot, at Delphos, and 'Adrjvai, at Athens,
the facts. Athens resembled Kelainai: being misunderstood in later times,
there also two separate centres existed, were treated as plural nominatives,
the citadel on the acropolis and the AeX<£ot and 'Adrjvai. This explanation
commercial town on the sea at Pha- would probably never commend itself
leron; and the plural name Athenai to a historian or student of society,
was always used for the united city. 4 See Ch. XIII § 13.
This explanation of the plural names 5 See pp. 128, 168, 254.