Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

10. EARLY HISTORY OF KELAINAI. 415

Marsyas l. The name is probably connected with Hyes, a name or
title of Atys in the rites of the Great Mother.

The musician Olympos is connected with Kelainai in legend.
Olympos appears partly as a mythical figure, son of Marsyas, and
a witness of his fate2, and partly as a musician, who naturalized
among the Greeks the Phrygian style of music, invented the en-
harmonic rhythm, and composed the Harmatios nomos, a mournful
and passionate strain to which a chorus of the Orestes was set.

The myth of Anchouros at Kelainai was similar to that of Curtius
at Rome. A chasm full of water opened in the earth, and engulfed
many houses and people. The king was instructed by the oracle that
the chasm would close up if his costliest possession were thrown in.
Gold and jewels were tried in vain ; but when his son Anchouros
leaped in on horseback, the chasm closed up3. Midas dedicated
a golden altar to Idaean Zeus on the spot. The myth seems to arise
out of the local circumstances, as such abundance of waters flow forth
from the earth, and Zeus the patron-god seated on his hill, the
Acropolis, prevents the city from being engulfed in the underground
water 4.

To the earliest period of Kelainian history we may attribute much
work in the way of draining and irrigation and regulation of the
water-supply. This lies at the beginning of organized city life 5.

The fountains (tvheshme) which benefit and often beautify most
of the villages of Asia Minor, are the most familiar object to the
traveller. It cannot be doubted that the construction of such fountains
has been practised in the country from the most ancient times. In
the north of Phrygia, a citizen named Menelaos is praised as having
made eleven fountainsc. At Tralleis, Molossos made a fountain adorned
with a statue of Hermes, and dedicated it to the Demos and Hermes
and Herakles and the Neoi ~: evidently it was in the gymnasium of
the Neoi. At Branchidai we hear of the construction of fountains in

1 Plut. de Miis. 5, Aristoxenus ap. see Prehettenic Monuments of Capp. pp.

Athenaeum XIV p. 624 b. 5> 1° in Maspero's Eecueil tie Truvaux

2 He is also called father of Marsyas XIV.

and inventor of the flute. 6 Waddington, no. ion, restores [7]v

3 Plutarch pavall. 5 quotes the tale \ra aXcru KaTttTKtva~\<rtv Kptjvag m' en riiv
from the Itetamoijihoses of Kallisthenes. l&iav, but eleven fountains in a grove is

4 On the Kelainian myth of the rather too much: one would rather
Deluge see Ch XV. expect iv ruts ir'XaTeiais or iv rjj jr<5Xe« or

5 The vast irrigation works at Ky- hi rg x^P9-

bistra Capp. seemed to me to go back "' BCH 1886 p. 520. Molossos was

to the oldest period of Asia Minor civi- agonothetes at the time,
lization : so also the aqueduct at Tyana: