Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

1. GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTER. 573

country, intersected as it is by so many deep fissures, as I may almost
call them; and I perfectly understood why the caravan roads keep
to the north by Geubek, where the plain is not intersected by such
obstructions.' Even at Geubek, however, the canon of the Hippourios
is very serious ; though smaller tributary canons are not there deep,
as they are more to S. M. Radet describes the character of the
countiy in similar terms, on the authority of a French traveller,
M. Collange.

§ 2. Pepouza is little more than a name to us; but the order of
Hierocles is so well marked, that M. Radet and 11 have independently
and about the same time reached approximately the same conclusion
as to the district in which Pepouza lay.

Philostorgius probably means Pepouza, when he says that Petousa
of Phrygia was the place to which Aetius was exiled2 356 _ a. d.
Epiphanius, who died a.d. 402, says that Pepouza was in his time
deserted and levelled with the ground ; but it is apparent that he
speaks in exaggerated depreciation of a place which he recognizes as
being still a centre and resort for the heretics. It was still in exist-
ence as late as a.d. 787, when Theophylactus, superior of a monastery
at Pepouza4, was present at the second Nicene Council.

Pepouza is chiefly memorable as the cradle of the religious move-
ment called Montanism. The district where the effects of this
movement can be first traced lies about Eumeneia, Otrous, and
Apameia ; and Pepouza must he somewhere near these cities. The
situation which we have inferred from Hierocles, in southern Banaz-
Ova, near the edge of the Eumenian plain, suits this condition.

Further, Pepouza was probably not far from the earliest scene of
the activity of Montanus. Now he was first filled with the Spirit at
Ardabau in Phrygian Mysia5; this peculiar term may very well indi-
cate the Mysian country that lay S. and SE. from Philadelpheia on the
Phrygian frontier °. If Ardabau were in that region, the situation

1 Radet En Phrygie p. III. We differ nore Ka\ovfia'T]v ■nokiv, vuv Se T]Sa(j>irrfj.(vr]v.

as to the village : he says Utch-Kuyu, 4 Praeses Pepuzon Acta Cone. Nic. II,

I have selected the site beside Kara- Act. IV p. 792.

Halilli and Deli-Heudei'li : see above 5 h> rfj Kara rr/v <f>pvyiav Mva-la the

pp. 243 f. Utch-Kuyu is in the Hyr- Mysia which lies beside Phrygia, Euse-

galean Plain, which debars me from bius H. E. V 16: see p. 196. Perhaps

following M. Radet. for 'Ap8a|3aC read Kdp8n/3n, i. e. KaXXd-

2 Hist. Eccles. IV 8 : the correction ra/3a (p. 199): or perhaps in the inscr.
IIoTovfa is printed in the edition of quoted on p. 199 read 01 K<i[roJiK[oi iv
Valesius. 'Ap8]d/3oir.

" Haeres. 48, 14 npaa-iv ol toiovtoi 6 It might quite suitably denote the

Tonov nva tprjfiov iv ijj fypvyio, rteVoufdv country about Ancyra and Aizanoi,