Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

5QO XIII. THE BANAZ-OVA.

and the thought that this might be ' the Church of Klan(noudda)T'
immediately occurred to us, for Kilisa (i. e. €KK\r](ria) is a name often
given to ancient sites by the Turks. We therefore made a point of
visiting the village ; but to our extreme disappointment we found not
a trace of ancient life; and we came away with the conviction that
it was not an ancient site. Arundel's experience was equally dis-
appointing to him: he found nothing ancient in the village or in an
extensive cemetery about a mile away except a Byzantine monogram
on a stone in a fountain2. He heard, however, later that at a mill at
some little distance from the village, there were some remains (though
in the village itself the natives assured him there were no old stones
at the mill), and that' it is a place resorted to annually by the Turks,
from considerable distances, for the observance of some religious
anniversary.'

M. Radet considers that the only reason why unimportant places
like Aloudda and Klannoudda are mentioned in the Table is that they
were meeting-places of several roads (des carrefours oio bifurquaient
d'autres routes p. 103). The true meeting-places of roads are (1) the
neighbourhood of Ine and Geubek, (2) Islam-Keui or Susuz-Keui (near
Akmonia), (3) a point where the roads from Sebaste and from Eume-
neia to Temenothyrai and the cities of the NW. crossed the road
Philadelpheia to Akmonia: now that point is near Hadjimlar, which
moreover is also traversed by the short path from Islam-Keui to the
Lycos valley. We therefore infer from M. Radet's own reasoning that
Klannoudda lay near point (i)3, Aloudda near (3), and Akmonia we
know to be near (2).

M. Radet's arguments about the Banaz-Ova show great acuteness
and careful study of authorities, but insufficient exploration of
the district4 ; and his theories, full of suggestion as they are,
and making a distinct step in the elucidation of an obscure sub-
ject, lack suitability in details. He does not seize the points of
certainty first of all, and then work from them. Moreover his map
is not good ; he depends on Kiepert; and I am convinced that Kiepert
puts both Kalin-Kilisa and Hadjimlar too far to S. My own map
agrees with the Cassaba Railway Survey on this point. If I be

1 See derivation p. 435. from Ushak to the Lycos valley goes by

2 Discoveries in Asia Minor I pp. Geubek and (Jeune.

126 f. 4 His words, p. 98, seem to imply

3 He speaks, p. 105, of a road from personal evidence; but his difficulties
Ushak to Dionysopolis: the latter and his statements are not such as I
cannot have been of the slightest con- should expect from one who had ex-
sequence in ancient time: the road plored Banaz-Ova.