Ramsay, William Mitchell: The cities and bishoprics of Phrygia: being an essay of the local history of Phrygia from the earliest time to the Turkish conquest (Band 1,2): West and West-Central Phrygia (Oxford, 1897)

14. TRAJANOPOLIS. 597

of the north-western region of Phrygia from Blaundos to Aizanoi,
merely giving here a few notes to justify my map.

There is no doubt that some inscriptions at Ushak have been carried
from Akmonia. I have mj7self copied at the latter site stones which
have since been seen at Ushak by others (see nos. 400, 500). Hence
it is by no means safe to use all texts of Ushak as illustrations of the
history of Temenothyrai. Some belong to Trajanopolis, and some to
Akmonia, though undoubtedly the majority belong to Flaviopolis or
Temenothyrai.

§15. Leonnaia or LEONNA. After this chapter was in print1,
I read about M. Imhoof-Blumer's discovery of a new Phrygian city,
Leonnaia2; and he informs me that the only known coin is of the
second or first century B. c. Now the Phiwgian cities of that period
which coined money belong almost exclusively to the west. In central
or eastern Phiygia only Amorion and Synnada, the two greatest
cities, coined money earlier than Augustus. But in the west coins of
the earlier period were struck at Akmonia, Apameia, Apia3, Attoudda,
Blaundos, Cibyra, Clannoudda, Dionysopolis, Eumeneia, Hierapolis,
Laodiceia, Peltai, Tripolis. These are the cities to which Greek
municipal institutions would naturally spread earliest. We must
look for Leonnaia, therefore, in the western part of Phrygia: an
obscure place like it, if situated in the centre or east, would not be
likely to strike early coins. Probably every one who considers the
western cities in succession will agree that Sebaste or the neighbour-
hood is the probable home of this coin. No other place fulfils the
two conditions, of being likely both to strike early coins and to
change its name. Sebaste is in a district which probably developed
early ; and the name and coins of Sebaste began under Augustus.

There are two possibilities in this case ; and evidence is not suffi-
cient to decide certainly between them. (1) There was a city Leonnaia
of the pre-Roman period whose name was changed to Sebaste by
Augustus: (2) There Avas originally only a village on the site where
Sebaste was founded by Augustus, and Leonnaia was the city at
Hissar, five miles N. 4 (no. 500): as M. Radet says, les mines d'Hissar
sont celles du plus ancien chef-lieu du district. Puis, a Vune de ces

1 The name is inserted in the proofs speaks of Hissar as being on ' le chemhi
in § 6. d'Eukarpia (E)iii?--Hissar) a Flaviopolis

2 Revue Suisse de Numism. V p. 4 (of (Ushak),' p. 104, and a un croisement des
extract). routes p. 105. With such a radical mis-

3 M. Imhoof-Blumer tells me of an conception (the route which he marks
early coin reading ATT I A N £1N. is impossible for a road), it is not strange

* By an astounding error, M. Radet that his topography differs from mine.