DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.13855#0400
TRICLINIUM.
392
TRIERARCIIIA.
as long- as it was broad. The superintend-
ence of the dining-room in a great house
was intrusted to a slave called tricliniarcha,
who, through other slaves, took care that
everything was kept and proceeded in proper
order. A triclinium generally contained three
couches, and as the usual number of persons
occupying each couch was three, the triclinium
afforded accommodation for a party of nine.
Sometimes, however, as many as four lay on
each of the couches. Each man in order to
feed himself lay flat upon his breast or nearly
so, and stretched out his hand towards the
table ; but afterwards, when his hunger was
satisfied, he turned upon his left side, lean-
ing on his elbow. To this Horace alludes in
describing a person sated with a particular
dish, and turning in order to repose upon
his elbow. [Sat. ii. 4, 39.) We find the
relative positions of two persons who lay
next to one another, commonly expressed by
the prepositions super or supra, and infra.
A passage of Livy (xxxix. 43), in which
he relates the cruel conduct of the con-
sul L. Quintius Elamininus, shows that
infra aliquem cubarc was the same as in
sinu alicujus cubarc, and consequently that
each person was considered as below him to
whose breast his own head approached. On
this principle we are enabled to explain the
denominations both of the three couches, and
of the three places on each couch. Sup-
posing the annexed arrangement to represent
of their accubation—an order exhibited in
the annexed diagram.
lectus medius
1 11-
3 s 1
6 5 4
summus
7 3
imus
medius
8 2
medius
imus
9 J
summus
the plan of a triclinium, it is evident that,
as each guest reclined on his left side, the
countenances of all when in this position
were directed, first, from No. 1 towards No.
3, then from No. 4 towards No. 6, and lastly,
from No. 7 towards No. 9 ; that the guest
No. 1 lay, in the sense explained, above No.
2, No. 3 below No. 2, and so of the rest ;
and that, going in the same direction, the
couch to the right hand was above the others,
and the couch to the left hand below the
others. It will be found, that in a passage
in the eighth satire of the second book of Ho-
race, the guests are enumerated in the order
CA
2
CO
CD
.3
%
l
>
W
Nomentanus
Nasidienus
Porcius
Varius
Viscus
Fundanius
TRIDEN8. [Fuscixa.]
TRIENS. [As.]
TRIERARCIIIA OpirjpapxiV), one of the
extraordinary war services or liturgies at
Athens, the object of which was to provids
for the equipment and maintenance of the
ships of war belonging to the state. The
persons who were charged with it were called
trierarehs (rpnjpapxot), as being the captains
of triremes, though the name was also ap-
plied to persons who bore the same charge
in other vessels. It existed from very early
times in connection with the forty-eight
naucraries of Solon, and the fifty of Clis-
thencs : each of which corporations appears
to have been obliged to equip and man a ves-
sel. [Naucraiua.] Under the constitution
of Clisthenes the ten tribes were at first
severally charged with five vessels. This
charge was of course superseded by the later
forms of the trierarchy. The state furnished
the ship, and either the whole or part of the
ship's rigging and furniture, and also pay
and provisions for the sailors. The trier-
arehs were bound to keep in repair the ship
and its furniture, and were frequently put to
great expense in paying the sailors and sup-
plying them with provisions, when the state
did not supply sufficient money for the pur-
pose. Moreover, some trierarehs, whether
from ambitious or patriotic motives, put
themselves to unnecessary expense in fitting
out and rigging their ships, from which the
state derived an advantage. The average
expense of the trierarchy was 50 minae.
In ancient times one person bore the whole
charge of the trierarchy, afterwards it was
customary for two persons to share it, who
were then called syntricrarchs (trwTpirjpap-
X°0- When this practice was first intro-
duced is not known, but it was perhaps about
the year 412 b. c., after the defeat of the
Athenians in Sicily, when the union of two
persons for the choregia was first permitted.
The syntrierarchy, however, did not entirely
supersede the older and single form, being
392
TRIERARCIIIA.
as long- as it was broad. The superintend-
ence of the dining-room in a great house
was intrusted to a slave called tricliniarcha,
who, through other slaves, took care that
everything was kept and proceeded in proper
order. A triclinium generally contained three
couches, and as the usual number of persons
occupying each couch was three, the triclinium
afforded accommodation for a party of nine.
Sometimes, however, as many as four lay on
each of the couches. Each man in order to
feed himself lay flat upon his breast or nearly
so, and stretched out his hand towards the
table ; but afterwards, when his hunger was
satisfied, he turned upon his left side, lean-
ing on his elbow. To this Horace alludes in
describing a person sated with a particular
dish, and turning in order to repose upon
his elbow. [Sat. ii. 4, 39.) We find the
relative positions of two persons who lay
next to one another, commonly expressed by
the prepositions super or supra, and infra.
A passage of Livy (xxxix. 43), in which
he relates the cruel conduct of the con-
sul L. Quintius Elamininus, shows that
infra aliquem cubarc was the same as in
sinu alicujus cubarc, and consequently that
each person was considered as below him to
whose breast his own head approached. On
this principle we are enabled to explain the
denominations both of the three couches, and
of the three places on each couch. Sup-
posing the annexed arrangement to represent
of their accubation—an order exhibited in
the annexed diagram.
lectus medius
1 11-
3 s 1
6 5 4
summus
7 3
imus
medius
8 2
medius
imus
9 J
summus
the plan of a triclinium, it is evident that,
as each guest reclined on his left side, the
countenances of all when in this position
were directed, first, from No. 1 towards No.
3, then from No. 4 towards No. 6, and lastly,
from No. 7 towards No. 9 ; that the guest
No. 1 lay, in the sense explained, above No.
2, No. 3 below No. 2, and so of the rest ;
and that, going in the same direction, the
couch to the right hand was above the others,
and the couch to the left hand below the
others. It will be found, that in a passage
in the eighth satire of the second book of Ho-
race, the guests are enumerated in the order
CA
2
CO
CD
.3
%
l
>
W
Nomentanus
Nasidienus
Porcius
Varius
Viscus
Fundanius
TRIDEN8. [Fuscixa.]
TRIENS. [As.]
TRIERARCIIIA OpirjpapxiV), one of the
extraordinary war services or liturgies at
Athens, the object of which was to provids
for the equipment and maintenance of the
ships of war belonging to the state. The
persons who were charged with it were called
trierarehs (rpnjpapxot), as being the captains
of triremes, though the name was also ap-
plied to persons who bore the same charge
in other vessels. It existed from very early
times in connection with the forty-eight
naucraries of Solon, and the fifty of Clis-
thencs : each of which corporations appears
to have been obliged to equip and man a ves-
sel. [Naucraiua.] Under the constitution
of Clisthenes the ten tribes were at first
severally charged with five vessels. This
charge was of course superseded by the later
forms of the trierarchy. The state furnished
the ship, and either the whole or part of the
ship's rigging and furniture, and also pay
and provisions for the sailors. The trier-
arehs were bound to keep in repair the ship
and its furniture, and were frequently put to
great expense in paying the sailors and sup-
plying them with provisions, when the state
did not supply sufficient money for the pur-
pose. Moreover, some trierarehs, whether
from ambitious or patriotic motives, put
themselves to unnecessary expense in fitting
out and rigging their ships, from which the
state derived an advantage. The average
expense of the trierarchy was 50 minae.
In ancient times one person bore the whole
charge of the trierarchy, afterwards it was
customary for two persons to share it, who
were then called syntricrarchs (trwTpirjpap-
X°0- When this practice was first intro-
duced is not known, but it was perhaps about
the year 412 b. c., after the defeat of the
Athenians in Sicily, when the union of two
persons for the choregia was first permitted.
The syntrierarchy, however, did not entirely
supersede the older and single form, being