DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.45583#0048
Division II Section A Part 4
252’
of the tops of the columns1. This disposition of the half dome suggests an arched'
entablature even if the wide middle intercolumniation did not demand it. I have chosen
to strike the semicircle of the intrados of the arched architrave from the level of the
tops of the columns rather than from the level of the top of the architrave, because
the remnant of the arcuated architrave of the Central Arch here in Bosra and other
examples of arched entablatures in the Hauran have this form. The members of the
entablature are drawn roughly from other buildings in the neighbourhood, the roof is
wholly conjectural. It is very probable that the walls adjoining the apsis had two or
three storeys of niches in them, like the walls beside the great niche at "Amman, and
it is not impossible that the apsis itself was also provided with superposed niches, like
the one at Djerash, but I found no proof or suggestion of these details.
The upper part of the pedestal and the base of a column are given herewith in
a measured drawing (Ill. 226). The octagonal form of the pedestal and of the plinth
below the Attic base is interesting, and was probably employed in the present case to
accommodate the end columns of the street colonnades which approached them at an
angle. I have made the adjoining bases of the columns of the colonnades to corres-
pond with them. The four capitals, which are of unusual beauty, present charming
variations in minor details, as may be seen by a careful observation of the photograph.
The proportions of the capital given in my drawing may not be absolutely accurate,
as they were not measured; but certain observations may be made which are, in the
main, correct. The capitals are unusually tall, the part between the acanthus leaves
and the abacus being almost as high as the taller leaves. The acanthus leaves have
a prominent V section, the cauliculi, or stalks, are tall and flowing. The angle volutes
and the intermediate spirals are quite free from the bell, as in the early Greek capitals
of this order from Epidauros. Each volute and spiral was composed of a slender
moulded fillet, and was cut entirely free as a detached member, in the most delicate
manner possible, springing out of the stalk and touching only the angle of the abacus
in the case of the volutes, and only the lip of the bell in the case of the spirals. The
flower in the middle of the abacus has several varieties, and the sides of the abacus
are slightly moulded. The execution could not have been more perfect in the finest
quality of marble. The contrast between these capitals and that shown in Ill. 220 is
most marked.
KALYBfi: The term which I have applied to this almost unique building which
stands directly across the street from the Nymphaeum, is one that requires an expla-
nation. I used it to designate a large structure which is connected with the Palace3
at Shehba (Philippopolis) in the Djebel Hauran, and which is the only building I know
that is in any way analagous to this one. The word was first employed by M. de Vogue 3
who took it directly from the Greek καλύβι, which he found in an inscription at Umm
iz-Zetfin where it was used to describe a sort of shrine, or open-air temple, and was
extended by him to cover other somewhat similar buildings in the Hauran. These
buildings consist of an open, arched, sanctuary flanked by walls with niches in them.
That they were religious in character is proven by the adjective tspa which appears
before the word κ,οάύβη in two inscriptions.
The building at Shehba is quite well preserved, as may be seen by the plan given
in A.A.E.S. II, Fig. 133; here the central sanctuary, which is square in the example
1 II. A. I. p. 54.
2 A.A.£.S. II, p. 383.
3 S.C. pp. 41—43·
252’
of the tops of the columns1. This disposition of the half dome suggests an arched'
entablature even if the wide middle intercolumniation did not demand it. I have chosen
to strike the semicircle of the intrados of the arched architrave from the level of the
tops of the columns rather than from the level of the top of the architrave, because
the remnant of the arcuated architrave of the Central Arch here in Bosra and other
examples of arched entablatures in the Hauran have this form. The members of the
entablature are drawn roughly from other buildings in the neighbourhood, the roof is
wholly conjectural. It is very probable that the walls adjoining the apsis had two or
three storeys of niches in them, like the walls beside the great niche at "Amman, and
it is not impossible that the apsis itself was also provided with superposed niches, like
the one at Djerash, but I found no proof or suggestion of these details.
The upper part of the pedestal and the base of a column are given herewith in
a measured drawing (Ill. 226). The octagonal form of the pedestal and of the plinth
below the Attic base is interesting, and was probably employed in the present case to
accommodate the end columns of the street colonnades which approached them at an
angle. I have made the adjoining bases of the columns of the colonnades to corres-
pond with them. The four capitals, which are of unusual beauty, present charming
variations in minor details, as may be seen by a careful observation of the photograph.
The proportions of the capital given in my drawing may not be absolutely accurate,
as they were not measured; but certain observations may be made which are, in the
main, correct. The capitals are unusually tall, the part between the acanthus leaves
and the abacus being almost as high as the taller leaves. The acanthus leaves have
a prominent V section, the cauliculi, or stalks, are tall and flowing. The angle volutes
and the intermediate spirals are quite free from the bell, as in the early Greek capitals
of this order from Epidauros. Each volute and spiral was composed of a slender
moulded fillet, and was cut entirely free as a detached member, in the most delicate
manner possible, springing out of the stalk and touching only the angle of the abacus
in the case of the volutes, and only the lip of the bell in the case of the spirals. The
flower in the middle of the abacus has several varieties, and the sides of the abacus
are slightly moulded. The execution could not have been more perfect in the finest
quality of marble. The contrast between these capitals and that shown in Ill. 220 is
most marked.
KALYBfi: The term which I have applied to this almost unique building which
stands directly across the street from the Nymphaeum, is one that requires an expla-
nation. I used it to designate a large structure which is connected with the Palace3
at Shehba (Philippopolis) in the Djebel Hauran, and which is the only building I know
that is in any way analagous to this one. The word was first employed by M. de Vogue 3
who took it directly from the Greek καλύβι, which he found in an inscription at Umm
iz-Zetfin where it was used to describe a sort of shrine, or open-air temple, and was
extended by him to cover other somewhat similar buildings in the Hauran. These
buildings consist of an open, arched, sanctuary flanked by walls with niches in them.
That they were religious in character is proven by the adjective tspa which appears
before the word κ,οάύβη in two inscriptions.
The building at Shehba is quite well preserved, as may be seen by the plan given
in A.A.E.S. II, Fig. 133; here the central sanctuary, which is square in the example
1 II. A. I. p. 54.
2 A.A.£.S. II, p. 383.
3 S.C. pp. 41—43·