Walters, Henry Beauchamp: Catalogue of the bronzes, Greek, Roman, and Etruscan in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum (London, 1899)

34

CATALOGUE OF ERONZES.

Grecque, ii. p. 477 ; Mrs. Mitchell, Hist. of Anct. Sculpture, fig. 253, p. 620 ; Brunn-Bruckmann,
Denknidler, 55-56 ; Encycl. Brit. 9 ii. p. 362 ; T. Ely, Manual of Archaeology, p. 200; Ann.
deW Inst. 1880, p. 205 ; Arch. Zeit. 1874, p. 113 ; Gazette Archeol. 1879, p. 84 ; Portfolio, Sept.
1873, p. 130 ; Geographical Journal, viii. (1896), p. 461. The back of the head and neck has
been torn away, and a blow has crushed the metal on one side of the head ; the bronze of tbe
face shows signs of oxidisation. On the front of the neck two faults in casting have been
repaired by the insertion of strips of bronze. The style of sculpture is characterised by
largeness and simplicity, and may be referred to the rniddle of the fourth century B.C. A
report was circulated some years ago that the rest of the statue to which this head belongs
had been found at Satala ; but the site was thoroughly investigated by Biliotti and later on
by Hogarth, without obtaining any justification for the rumour.

267. Youthful Male Head, from a statue of Hypnos. The hair is parted
and waved on each side and gathered in a knot at the back, with two thick curls
falling behind each ear over a fillet ; the lips are slightly parted, and the
eyes are hollow. To each temple has been attached a wing, of which only that
on the right side remains ; it has been recognised as that of a night-hawk (cf. the
comparison of Sleep to a kv/j.lvS/,<; in II. xiv. 290). The identification of this head
as Hypnos was made by Brunn, from its resemblance to that of the statue at
Madrid (Arch. Zeit. 1862, pl. 157); it may also be compared with the head of
the Apollo Sauroctonos. Though found in Etruria, it may be regarded as an
original Greek masterpiece, “which reveals the qualities of Praxiteles perhaps
better than any other ancient work.” In the treatment of the hair, the freedom
and flow of the lines and the perfect mastery over the material are specially
deserving of study. The head has belonged to a statue, and has been separately
made and soldered on ; this has also been the case with the wings and the two
side-tresses.

Ht. 8 in. From Civitella d’Arno, near Perugia. Castellani, 1868. Mon. delV Inst. 1856,
pl. 3, p. 25, and viii. pl. 59 ; Ann. delV Inst. 1868, p. 351 ; Murray, Hist. of Gk. Sculpture, ii.
pl. 21, p. 259 ; Collignon, Hist. de la Sculpture Grecque, ii. p. 358; Martha, L'Art Etrusque,
P- 3°3 ; Roscher, Lexicon, i. p. 2850; Dennis, Etruria, 2 ii. p. 413 ; Winnefeld, Hypnos, p. 9 ;
Class. Review, iv. (1890), pp. 94, 187; Brunn, Gdtterideale, pl. 3, p. 26 ; Furtwaengler,
Meisterwerke, p. 648 ; id. English ed. ii. p. 395 ; Klein, Praxiteles, pp. 136, 144 ; Builder,
3 Mar. 1889, p. 226 ; Friederichs-Wolters, 1288. Pausanias (ii. 10, 2) saw a head of Hypnos
at Sikyon, but does not give the name of the sculptor.

268. Ieonic Male Head. The head is slightly bearded, the eyebrows and
moustache marked by notched lines, the hair in close curls, finished with great
care and refined yet broad treatment. The lips are formed of a separate piece
of bronze, the junction of which may be traced along the edge of the lip ; they
may have been coated with a thin plate of silver. The eyes have been formed
by vitreous pastes inlaid, portions of which still remain in the sockets.

The personage whom it represents is unknown ; the type of the features
seems to be Lybian. Throughout there is a scrupulous rendering of nature, and
this bronze seems to be an example of that realistic school of portraiture which