Whittock, Nathaniel: The Oxford Drawing Book, Or The Art Of Drawing, And The Theory And Practice Of Perspective: In A Series Of Letters Containing Progressive Information On Sketching, Drawing, And Colouring Landscape Scenery, Animals, And The Human Figure: With A New Method Of Practical Perspective: Detailed In A Novel, Easy, And Perspicuous Style, For The Use Of Teachers, Or For Self-Instruction. Embellished With Upwards Of One Hundred And Fifty Lithographic Drawings, From Real Views, Taken Expressly For This Work (Oxford , London, 1825)

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dark part with the second shade, taking care to give your pencil that circular motion
that will give roundness to the tree. You will notice for yourself the dark touches
given afterwards, the knots, &c. better than I can describe them : all that remains for
you now to do, is to give character to the foliage; but as I shall have to treat on this
subject more at length, I refer you to Plate XX.
The foliage of trees is made up of irregular curved lines, formed into semicircles,
angles, or points, according to the character of the tree; and as these forms present
themselves to the eye in various directions, it is necessary that you should acquire
great facility of expressing them, whichever way they may appear. In order to do
this, you must first copy No. 1. slowly, and with care, taking notice that the inner
points of the strokes are directly towards the centre. This figure you must practise
a number of times, till you are able to produce it with ease, without looking at the
copy. You may then proceed to No. 2. which is formed nearly in the same way, ex-
cept that the circle is more broken.
When you are able to draw Nos. 1. 2. and 3. without looking at the copy, (and be
careful not to proceed till you can do so;) then, as you have hitherto been forming single
leaves, you may proceed to join them in a cluster, from the examples 4. 5. 6. and 7.