DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4703#0019
i8
E X P L A N A
ION
A. Turkifh towers built on the ruins of the portico.
See plate IV.
B. South-weft wall of the hexagonal court.
C. South wall of the quadrangular court.
D. Nine columns of the periftyle of the great temple
on the fouth fide, which ftill continue to fupport
their entablature, notwithstanding feveral unfuc-
cefsful attempts of the Turks to deftroy them, in
order to g€t at the iron employed in ftrengthening
the building.
E. The mofc entire temple.
F. The circular temple, now a Greek church.
G. The Dorick column. See this letter in plate L
H. The city walls.
I. The weft gate.
K. A minaret or Turkifh fteeple. Inftead of bells,
which are not ufed in Turky, a perfon is em-
ployed to call the people to prayers from the bal-
cony, near the top of this minaret, at the five
ftated times appointed in every twenty-four hours
for divine worfhip.
L. A quarry of free ftone, near the city walls, from
which probably the immenfe ftones employed in
the fubaffement of the great temple were taken;
while the more ornamented parts of thofe build-
ings were fupplied from a quarry of coarfe white
marble, weft of the city, and at a greater diftance.
In the firft quarry there are ftill remaining fome
vaft ftones, cut and fhaped for ufe: that upon
which this letter is marked, appears, by it's fhape
and fize, to have been intended for the fame pur-
pofe with the three ftones mentioned in plate III,
letter X. It is not entirely detached from the
quarry at the bottom. We meafured it feparately,
and allowing for a little difagreement in our mea-
fures, owing, we think, to it's not being exactly
fhaped into a perfectly regular body *, we found it
feventy foot long, fourteen broad, and fourteen foot
five inches deep.
The ftone, according to thefe dimenfions, contains
14,128 cubic feet, and mould weigh, were it Port-
land ftone, about 2,270,000 pounds avoirdupoize,
or about 1135 tons.
M. Part of Antilibanus.
N. Part of M. Libanus.
PLATE
II.
Plan of the great temple, and of the portico and courts leadincr to it.
N. B. The moil entire parts are diftinguifhed in this plan by croffed
lines, the leaft entire by fmgle lines, and the intermediate flages of decay are
marked by a mixture of both. But the precife degree of ruin in which we
found thofe buildings will be more diftin£tly feen by the views exhibited in
plates IV, IX, XII, XXI, XXIV.
A. Stair leading to the portico.
B. Portico.
C. Lateral chambers, feparated from the portico by two
pilafters.
D. D. D. D. Broken walls which were perhaps conti-
nued (or intended to be continued) from the por-
tico and quadrangular court, till they met at right
angles. There are no remains to ftrengthen this
conjecture, further than it's being evident from
the unfinifhed walls that fomething is wanting ; and
that it is plain from the negligent manner in which
the external walls of the courts are built (which
fee plate II, letter B and C,) that they were to
have been covered by fomething.
E. Great door of communication between the portico
and the hexagonal court.
F. Smaller fide-doors.
G. The hexagonal court. We think it not improbable
that the particular buildings of this and the fol-
lowing court ferved as fchools and lodgings for
the priefts of the Sun ; whofe habitations -f- Strabo
takes notice of his having feen at Heliopolis in
Egypt.
H. Paffages between the portico and the hexagonal court.
I. Exedrse of the hexagonal court. The exedra: of
the ancients, whether in their palasflrse or private
houfes, were places where philofophers affembled
to teach and converfe upon different parts of li-
terature. Their form, according to Vitruvius and
Alex, ab Alexandra, refembled much that of the
buildings to which we give this name.
K. Chambers. Perhaps the priefts were lodged here.
L. Niches.
M. PafFage from the hexagonal court to the quadran-
gular court.
N. Lateral communications between the fame.
O. The quadrangular court.
P. It's rectangular exedras, tetraftyle.
Q.^ It's rectangular exedra, hexaftyle.
R. It's femicircular exedrse. See thofe of Diocletian's
Baths.
It's chambers; probably for the priefts.
It's great niches; perhaps for Coloffal ftatues.
Smaller niches, in the femicircular exedra:, and be-
tween the pilafters of the quadrangular court.
W. The great temple of ten columns in front, and
nineteen in flank ; of which nine only are ftand-
ing with their entablature. The bafes of the others
are almoft all in their places, and fome of them
with part of the broken fhaft; but there are no
bafes to be fetn of a veftibule, nor any part of the
cell left. _ Tins temple is of the peripteros and de-
caftyle kind of the Greeks; but it's intercolumna-
tion is none of the five forts which Vitruvius
S.
T
V,
* This may be the reafon why that diligent and indefatigable traveller, Dr. Pocock, differs from us in his meafures of
this ftone, which he makes fixty eight feet long, feventeen feet eight inches wide, and thirteen feet ten inches deep.
f 'Ev til rv 'HAioutto'Aei xw hxtvi i'SopM ptyoifous b oh hirpiGov ol !tpt7f poitoroi y»f tin Wtw x«twx»W lmm> yiyniwt ?*<" to «•«-
Xaiiv ptoVQQw dvtipuu %at\ aYjJpw/AfKwc. Strabo, Lib. xvii. p. 806.
mentions
E X P L A N A
ION
A. Turkifh towers built on the ruins of the portico.
See plate IV.
B. South-weft wall of the hexagonal court.
C. South wall of the quadrangular court.
D. Nine columns of the periftyle of the great temple
on the fouth fide, which ftill continue to fupport
their entablature, notwithstanding feveral unfuc-
cefsful attempts of the Turks to deftroy them, in
order to g€t at the iron employed in ftrengthening
the building.
E. The mofc entire temple.
F. The circular temple, now a Greek church.
G. The Dorick column. See this letter in plate L
H. The city walls.
I. The weft gate.
K. A minaret or Turkifh fteeple. Inftead of bells,
which are not ufed in Turky, a perfon is em-
ployed to call the people to prayers from the bal-
cony, near the top of this minaret, at the five
ftated times appointed in every twenty-four hours
for divine worfhip.
L. A quarry of free ftone, near the city walls, from
which probably the immenfe ftones employed in
the fubaffement of the great temple were taken;
while the more ornamented parts of thofe build-
ings were fupplied from a quarry of coarfe white
marble, weft of the city, and at a greater diftance.
In the firft quarry there are ftill remaining fome
vaft ftones, cut and fhaped for ufe: that upon
which this letter is marked, appears, by it's fhape
and fize, to have been intended for the fame pur-
pofe with the three ftones mentioned in plate III,
letter X. It is not entirely detached from the
quarry at the bottom. We meafured it feparately,
and allowing for a little difagreement in our mea-
fures, owing, we think, to it's not being exactly
fhaped into a perfectly regular body *, we found it
feventy foot long, fourteen broad, and fourteen foot
five inches deep.
The ftone, according to thefe dimenfions, contains
14,128 cubic feet, and mould weigh, were it Port-
land ftone, about 2,270,000 pounds avoirdupoize,
or about 1135 tons.
M. Part of Antilibanus.
N. Part of M. Libanus.
PLATE
II.
Plan of the great temple, and of the portico and courts leadincr to it.
N. B. The moil entire parts are diftinguifhed in this plan by croffed
lines, the leaft entire by fmgle lines, and the intermediate flages of decay are
marked by a mixture of both. But the precife degree of ruin in which we
found thofe buildings will be more diftin£tly feen by the views exhibited in
plates IV, IX, XII, XXI, XXIV.
A. Stair leading to the portico.
B. Portico.
C. Lateral chambers, feparated from the portico by two
pilafters.
D. D. D. D. Broken walls which were perhaps conti-
nued (or intended to be continued) from the por-
tico and quadrangular court, till they met at right
angles. There are no remains to ftrengthen this
conjecture, further than it's being evident from
the unfinifhed walls that fomething is wanting ; and
that it is plain from the negligent manner in which
the external walls of the courts are built (which
fee plate II, letter B and C,) that they were to
have been covered by fomething.
E. Great door of communication between the portico
and the hexagonal court.
F. Smaller fide-doors.
G. The hexagonal court. We think it not improbable
that the particular buildings of this and the fol-
lowing court ferved as fchools and lodgings for
the priefts of the Sun ; whofe habitations -f- Strabo
takes notice of his having feen at Heliopolis in
Egypt.
H. Paffages between the portico and the hexagonal court.
I. Exedrse of the hexagonal court. The exedra: of
the ancients, whether in their palasflrse or private
houfes, were places where philofophers affembled
to teach and converfe upon different parts of li-
terature. Their form, according to Vitruvius and
Alex, ab Alexandra, refembled much that of the
buildings to which we give this name.
K. Chambers. Perhaps the priefts were lodged here.
L. Niches.
M. PafFage from the hexagonal court to the quadran-
gular court.
N. Lateral communications between the fame.
O. The quadrangular court.
P. It's rectangular exedras, tetraftyle.
Q.^ It's rectangular exedra, hexaftyle.
R. It's femicircular exedrse. See thofe of Diocletian's
Baths.
It's chambers; probably for the priefts.
It's great niches; perhaps for Coloffal ftatues.
Smaller niches, in the femicircular exedra:, and be-
tween the pilafters of the quadrangular court.
W. The great temple of ten columns in front, and
nineteen in flank ; of which nine only are ftand-
ing with their entablature. The bafes of the others
are almoft all in their places, and fome of them
with part of the broken fhaft; but there are no
bafes to be fetn of a veftibule, nor any part of the
cell left. _ Tins temple is of the peripteros and de-
caftyle kind of the Greeks; but it's intercolumna-
tion is none of the five forts which Vitruvius
S.
T
V,
* This may be the reafon why that diligent and indefatigable traveller, Dr. Pocock, differs from us in his meafures of
this ftone, which he makes fixty eight feet long, feventeen feet eight inches wide, and thirteen feet ten inches deep.
f 'Ev til rv 'HAioutto'Aei xw hxtvi i'SopM ptyoifous b oh hirpiGov ol !tpt7f poitoroi y»f tin Wtw x«twx»W lmm> yiyniwt ?*<" to «•«-
Xaiiv ptoVQQw dvtipuu %at\ aYjJpw/AfKwc. Strabo, Lib. xvii. p. 806.
mentions