Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1.1882-1883)

THE OLYMPIEION AT ATHENS.

209

of the peribolos in their present condition, this was the only entrance ;
and through this Pausanias probably passed. Leake has observed
(mistaking, however, the arch for the entrance) that the first view of
the temple included both the side and the west end, as in the case
of the Parthenon when one passes the Propylaea. Of the temple
itself Pausanias gives no description, and adds nothing to our knowl-
edge of it; but of the great image of the god we learn something.
It was of enormous size, only excelled by the colossi of Rhodes and
Rome, and was, as he informs us in another place (II. 27, 2), more
than twice as large as that of Asklepios at Epidauros. In his opinion
it was of fine workmanship, considering its size. It was of gold and
ivory, and on its base were reliefs representing the battle of the
Athenians with the Amazons* (Paus., I. 17, 2). After disposing of
the temple and its contents in a parenthesis, Pausanias goes on to
describe the statues of Hadrian, of which there was a great multitude
in the peribolos. First of all, there were four, made of specially
valuable marbles, two of Thasian and two of Egyptian. Just where
these stood we do not know, for Pausanias' words bear several inter-
pretations. Besides these, a great number of Greek cities, both of
the mainland and beyond the sea, caused statues of the Emperor to
be set up in the peribolos of the newly-finished temple, to signify
their gratitude for the favors which he had bestowed on them..
Among these were Abydos, Aegina, Amphipolis, Anemurion in Kili-
kia, Keramos in Karia, Kyzikos, Laodikeia on the Sea, Miletos, Pale
in Kephallenia, Pompeiopolis, Sebastopolis on the Black Sea, Sestos,
Smyrna or Ephesos, and Thasos.f The dedicatory inscriptions from

* Tlpbs 5e tcS yvfivacrict) ®r)(T£a>s £<ttIv iep6v- ypacpal 8e e'uri irpbs 'A/xa^ovas 'A.67]-
valoi fiaxop-svoi. ire-jro'iriTai 8e a(pLcriv 6 ir6\zp.os o'jtqs Kal Trj 'A.9t)v5. iiii tt) acrirtSi
koX tov 'O\v/j.irlou Aibs eVl rcS flddpcp. Editors have generally referred this to the
Zeus at Olympia, but they find a discrepancy between this remark and the ex-
tended description of that statue in the Fifth Book. Schubart refers it with great
plausibility to the statue in Atliens; and certainly, if a<plcnv is to be interpreted
exactly, it can mean nothing else.

f There is much difference of opinion as to the interpretation of this clause of
Pausanias; as the Mss. give it, xa^Ka~L kararn irpb rSiv klqvwv as 'Adriua?oi KaXovaLV
airo'iKovs 7roAeis. The old Latin translation, which is adopted by most of the editors,
paraphrases it as follows : Ad templi vero columnas urbium quas colonias Atheni-
enses appellant ex aere erecta sunt simulacra. According to this, Pausanias would
say that the colonial cities had set up statues of themselves personified. Such
personifications occur quite early in the history of Greek art, and were very com-