DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.51705#0034
22
THE TOMB OF PA-RA'MESSU
put him after Ramesses II as: (a) We have practi-
cally no graves after that date at Gurob; (b) No
one after Ramessu II would care if Pa-Ra'messu’s
cartouche resembled that of Ramesses II or not; (c)
The style of work on the coffin and the objects
are all characteristic of the late XVIII th—early
XIX th dynasties, and (d) There is no position into
which we can fit Pa-Ra'messu after Ramesses IL
It seems that the fact of the name being written
in a cartouche should give the key to this puzzle.
In pl. LI we have given a list of all the princes
of the XVIIIth to XXth dynasties with their most
important titles. Under the heading of “cartouche”
will be found the number of times the name of the
prince is written in a cartouche as a fraction of
the total number of times the name occurs. These
are all taken from Gauthier, Livre des Rois, II
and III. The kings entitled “Prince of Egypt” from
the Kheta Treaty will be omitted.
From this table it will be seen that, from Thut-
mose III until the end of the XX th dynasty, every
prince whose name is known written in a cartouche
became king; in other words, was the heir. The
only exception being that of Ramessu-kha'-em-Wast,
son of Ramesses III. Even this can be easily ex-
plained by the fact that his name is a combination
of the family name Ramessu and should be grouped
among such names as Men-kheper-ra'-senb, &c.
The rule then seems absolute that the name in the
cartouche indicates the heir. It may be noted
that in the 37 times the name of Kha'-em-Wast,
an admittedly favourite son of Ramesses II,
occurs, in no case is the name found written
in a cartouche, although he has all the most im-
portant titles.
As to the title “Hereditary Prince of the Lord
of the Two Lands,” although we have not been
able to find another example, those borne by Harem-
hab before his coronation (Gauthier, Livre des Rois,
II, p. 384), Merenptah and Sety II are of practi-
cally the same meaning.
We have, therefore, a prince, heir to the throne
before the time of Ramesses II, with a cartouche
exactly resembling his, and changed, probably by him,
by the addition of an epithet. We suggest that we
have here a son of Seti I and an elder brother of
Ramesses II; or, at any rate, the heir of Seti I, who
died before Ramesses IPs succession. Whether this
is the prince (or one of them) whose figure was
introduced into the Karnak reliefs of the wars of
Seti I, and whose figure was changed to that of
Ramesses II, is not certain. As regards titles, it is
possible. That the prince in question is Amen-nefer-
neb-f, as held by some, is at least a doubtful sup-
position, the only foundation being the possible
presence of a neb after the name, and the fact that
he has the title “First Royal Son of his Majesty”.
This title goes for very little, as it occurs with two
of the sons of Ramesses III and even in the titles
of the non-royal Amen-nakht, son of Amen-kem-s
(Livre des Rois, III, p. 397), each of whom has the
title “Chief Royal Son”; neither is it of first im-
portance, as Amen-her-unem-f, son of Ramesses II,
only uses it once in the three times his name
occurs.
The titles of the unknown heir (?), according to
Gauthier, are:—
(1) Hereditary Prince and Mayor (Erpd-hatf).
(2) Chief Royal Son of his body.
(3) Fanbearer at the Right of the King.
(4) Royal Follower into Retennu.
(5) Royal Scribe.
39. In examining the titles of those princes
whose tombs are known, one is struck with the
fact that the military titles shown in great detail on
the temple lists are nearly absent from the tombs
(cf. Livre des Rois III, pp. 176, 177). Of the titles
of the unknown prince set out above, nos. 3, 4,
and probably 5 were of a purely military nature
and might well have been omitted in the tomb or
on the sarcophagus. As to the title “Of his body,”
one has only to look through the titles of the princes
to see how unimportant it was considered, except
among the lesser known sons. For example, Meren-
ptah, in styling himself ^5^ X omits altogether
—h nSr
the phrase “Of his body” after the words “Royal
Son,” although he is known to have this title.
From this we see that, as regards titles, Pa-
Ra'messu could be the unknown prince. We do not
insist on this, but he seems to have been undoubtedly
the heir to the throne.
Legrain, in the Annales du Service, Vol. XIV,
pp. 17—26, discusses two statues (now at the Cairo
Museum), found by Pylon X at Karnak in 1913,
of a person called Pa-Ra'messu, son of Seti. He
suggests that this man became Ramesses I, and I
believe that this is now generally accepted. Assuming
THE TOMB OF PA-RA'MESSU
put him after Ramesses II as: (a) We have practi-
cally no graves after that date at Gurob; (b) No
one after Ramessu II would care if Pa-Ra'messu’s
cartouche resembled that of Ramesses II or not; (c)
The style of work on the coffin and the objects
are all characteristic of the late XVIII th—early
XIX th dynasties, and (d) There is no position into
which we can fit Pa-Ra'messu after Ramesses IL
It seems that the fact of the name being written
in a cartouche should give the key to this puzzle.
In pl. LI we have given a list of all the princes
of the XVIIIth to XXth dynasties with their most
important titles. Under the heading of “cartouche”
will be found the number of times the name of the
prince is written in a cartouche as a fraction of
the total number of times the name occurs. These
are all taken from Gauthier, Livre des Rois, II
and III. The kings entitled “Prince of Egypt” from
the Kheta Treaty will be omitted.
From this table it will be seen that, from Thut-
mose III until the end of the XX th dynasty, every
prince whose name is known written in a cartouche
became king; in other words, was the heir. The
only exception being that of Ramessu-kha'-em-Wast,
son of Ramesses III. Even this can be easily ex-
plained by the fact that his name is a combination
of the family name Ramessu and should be grouped
among such names as Men-kheper-ra'-senb, &c.
The rule then seems absolute that the name in the
cartouche indicates the heir. It may be noted
that in the 37 times the name of Kha'-em-Wast,
an admittedly favourite son of Ramesses II,
occurs, in no case is the name found written
in a cartouche, although he has all the most im-
portant titles.
As to the title “Hereditary Prince of the Lord
of the Two Lands,” although we have not been
able to find another example, those borne by Harem-
hab before his coronation (Gauthier, Livre des Rois,
II, p. 384), Merenptah and Sety II are of practi-
cally the same meaning.
We have, therefore, a prince, heir to the throne
before the time of Ramesses II, with a cartouche
exactly resembling his, and changed, probably by him,
by the addition of an epithet. We suggest that we
have here a son of Seti I and an elder brother of
Ramesses II; or, at any rate, the heir of Seti I, who
died before Ramesses IPs succession. Whether this
is the prince (or one of them) whose figure was
introduced into the Karnak reliefs of the wars of
Seti I, and whose figure was changed to that of
Ramesses II, is not certain. As regards titles, it is
possible. That the prince in question is Amen-nefer-
neb-f, as held by some, is at least a doubtful sup-
position, the only foundation being the possible
presence of a neb after the name, and the fact that
he has the title “First Royal Son of his Majesty”.
This title goes for very little, as it occurs with two
of the sons of Ramesses III and even in the titles
of the non-royal Amen-nakht, son of Amen-kem-s
(Livre des Rois, III, p. 397), each of whom has the
title “Chief Royal Son”; neither is it of first im-
portance, as Amen-her-unem-f, son of Ramesses II,
only uses it once in the three times his name
occurs.
The titles of the unknown heir (?), according to
Gauthier, are:—
(1) Hereditary Prince and Mayor (Erpd-hatf).
(2) Chief Royal Son of his body.
(3) Fanbearer at the Right of the King.
(4) Royal Follower into Retennu.
(5) Royal Scribe.
39. In examining the titles of those princes
whose tombs are known, one is struck with the
fact that the military titles shown in great detail on
the temple lists are nearly absent from the tombs
(cf. Livre des Rois III, pp. 176, 177). Of the titles
of the unknown prince set out above, nos. 3, 4,
and probably 5 were of a purely military nature
and might well have been omitted in the tomb or
on the sarcophagus. As to the title “Of his body,”
one has only to look through the titles of the princes
to see how unimportant it was considered, except
among the lesser known sons. For example, Meren-
ptah, in styling himself ^5^ X omits altogether
—h nSr
the phrase “Of his body” after the words “Royal
Son,” although he is known to have this title.
From this we see that, as regards titles, Pa-
Ra'messu could be the unknown prince. We do not
insist on this, but he seems to have been undoubtedly
the heir to the throne.
Legrain, in the Annales du Service, Vol. XIV,
pp. 17—26, discusses two statues (now at the Cairo
Museum), found by Pylon X at Karnak in 1913,
of a person called Pa-Ra'messu, son of Seti. He
suggests that this man became Ramesses I, and I
believe that this is now generally accepted. Assuming