Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

64 Iupiter-Columns

der germanischen Philologie- Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 355 and
in Hoops Keallex. i. 480, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910
p. 282, K. Helm Altger?nanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 274ff., 363 ff.),
and finally from s. vi onwards with Iupiter (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans.
J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 189 ff., 1888 iv. 1345 f., E. H. Meyer Germanische
Mythologie Berlin 1891 pp. 20, 48, 51, 202, 205^, 217, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye
The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London 1902 p. 235, E. Mogk in the Grundriss
der germanischen Philologie'1 Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 354 f. and
in Hoops Reallex. i. 480, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig 1910
p. 282, K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 275, cp. 278).

The Germani identified their Donar with Hercules primarily because of his strength.
Thus, when going into battle, they sang of Hercules as ' primum.. .omnium virorum
fortium ' (Tac. Germ. 3). The Batavi in particular worshipped Hercules Magusanus
[Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. 3ii62 = Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 2188 cp. no. 4628 n. 1
(Rome, dedicated by cives Batavi sive Thraces adlecti ex provincia Germania inferiori on
Sept. 29, 219 a.d.) Herculi Magusano | etc.; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8705 = Dessau
luscr. Lat. sel. no. 4629 (Betuwe in Holland) Herculi Ma|gusano et | Haevae etc. ; Corp.
inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8771 (Kummel, North Brabant, dedicated by the summits magistratus
civitatis Batavorum) Magusano Hercul[i] | etc.; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8777 (West-
kapelle in the island of Walcheren, Zeeland) Herculi | Magusano | etc.; Corp. inscr. Lat.
xiii no. 8010 (Bonn) Herculi | Magusano | etc. ; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8492 = Dessau

Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4630 (near Deutz)---| [Herc]uli Magusan[o] [? Matronjis Abirenibu[s] J

[Siljvano et Genio [loc] | [Dia]ne Mahal[inis] | [Vicjtorie Mercu[rio] | [cetejrisque dis
dea[bus] | [omjnibus etc.; Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 8610 (Xanten) Herculi Mag[usano] |
etc.; Corp. inscr. Lot. vii no. 1090= Dessau Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 4628 (Mumerills, near
Falkirk, on the Antonine Wall, dedicated by a duplicarius alae Tungrorum) Herculi |
Magusan [o] etc. ; but hardly Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii no. 4141 (near Treves) M[a](c)usa etc.
See further supra p. 57 n. 3, F. Kauffmann 'Hercules Magusanus' in H. Paul—
W. Branne Beitrage zicr Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur Halle a/S 1891
xv- 553—562, R- Peter in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 3018—3020, M. Schonfeld Wbrterbuch
der altgermanischen Personal- und Volkernamen Heidelberg 1911 p. 158, K. Helm
Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913 i. 363—365), whose cult-title, de-
noting 'the Strong,' survived in the mediaeval Mahusenhem (now Muyswinkel) near
Durstede (R. Peter in Roscher Lex. Myth. i. 3019 f., Hang in Pauly—Wissowa Real-
Enc. viii. 61 ]) and is comparable with the name of Thor's son Magni (E. Mogk in the
Grundriss der germanischen Philologie2 Herausgegeben von H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii.
355, P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye The Religion of the Teutons Boston and London
1902 p. 239 with n. 3, K. Helm Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Heidelberg 1913
i. 364 f.). Hercules on the Viergotlersteine is regularly bearded (F. Hertlein Die Juppiter-
gigantensdulen Stuttgart 1910 p. 146), and an inscription found at Brohl in j840 a.d.
records the cult of Hercules Barbatus (Orelli—Henzen Inscr. Lat. sel. no. 5726 = Dessau
Lnscr. Lat. sel. no. 3460 Herculi | barbato | etc.): Thor too in the best extant representa-
tion of him, a relief on a granite baptismal basin from the old church at Ottrava in Wester
Gothland, Sweden (G. Stephens Thunor the Thunderer, carved on a Scandinavian font
of about the year 1000 London 1878 p. 24 f. with fig. on p. it5 = my fig. 26), has a pointed
beard. Again, Hercules, like Donar, was armed with a primitive weapon : the club of
the former was a rough equivalent for the hammer of the latter. Hence these attributes
were interchangeable. On the one hand, Saxo Grammaticus hist. Dan. 3 p. 73, 29 ff.
Holder describes Thor as armed with a club (J. Grimm Teutonic Mythology trans.
J. S. Stallybrass London 1882 i. 180, E. H. Meyer Germanische Mythologie Berlin 1891
p. 204, E. Mogk in the Grundriss der germanischen Philologie'2 Herausgegeben von
H. Paul Strassburg 1900 iii. 357, R. M. Meyer Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte Leipzig
1910 p. 283). On the other hand, we hear of a Hercules Maliator [Corp. inscr. Lat. xiii
no. 6619 = Dessau Luscr. Lat. sel. no. 4627 (Obernburg in Bavaria) Herculi | Maliator(i)),
whose title presumably denotes ' the Hammer-god' (so K. Zangemeister in the Neue