DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0359
Papas and Attis
293
sobriquet strictly comparable with our 'Papa1.' Indeed, the term
Attis itself, as A. Fick proved in 18732, was just a pet-name for
' Father.' Now it is not a little remarkable that a youthful god,
who stood to Kybele in the same relation as Adonis to Aphrodite',
should have been thus habitually saluted in a tone of affectionate
familiarity as ' Daddy4.' The paradox ceases to be paradoxical, if
fiatjiX-qioi 1<Kvdai Kai tuj Ho<jei8euvi dvovcri. dvo/xd^eraL Se ~Zkv6l(jtI (on these names consult
H. Hirt Die Indogermanen Strassburg 1907 ii. 587, E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks
Cambridge 1913 p. 85 f.) ItrrtTj p.ev Ta/3(Ti, Zeus Se opdorara Kara, yvixi/xt]v ye tx\v i/x-qv
KaXebfxevos Hawalos, Trj Se 'Atria (with variant 'Awl), W_irbX\(jov Se Ohbavpos (Orig. c. Cels.
6. 39 thrice quotes Celsus as reading Toyyocrvpov, cp. Hesych. Yoiroavpov ■ tov 'AiroWiova.
XKvOai), Ovpavirj Se 'AcppoBirri W.pTi/j.ira<ra (with variants 'ApLtnraaa, 'ApyipLiraaa, cp.
Orig. c. Cels. 6. 39 quoting 'Apyip.Traaav as read here by Celsus, Hesych. 'Apriix-qaaav ■
Ovpaviav 'A<ppoS'iT7)v, vtrb ~Lkv6Qv. See further Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. in,
id. Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1363 n. 3, O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 1454),
llocreioeW Se Qafj.i/J.a<rddas (with many variants : Orig. c. Cels. 6- 39 gives OayLfxdaaSa as
Celsus' reading). dydXpLara Se Kai (iupLovs Kai vrjovs ov vop.L{'ovaL iroLeeLv ttXt)v "Ape'i- tovtlo
de vofUfovat, Orig. c. Cels. 5. 41 quoting Celsus " ovSev ovv olp-at oiatpepeiv Aia "T^lotov
Ka\elv fj TiTjva 7) 'ASwvalov 7) "Ea^aicd f) 'A/uovv, los AiyviTTLOL, 17 Ilct7ra?0J', ws ^Kvdai, '
5. 45 dX/V eTrei Ke.Xcros oterat firjSev SLarpepeLv Ata ' TxpLtrrov KaXelv rj Ttrjva i) Aowalov
r) Za/3aaj# 77, los AiyvTTTLOL, 'Apovv r), los ^Kvdai, na7raTo^, <pepe k.t.X., 5. 46 XeyeTwaav Se
Kal HKvdai tov Havalou debv eivai tov eirl irdcnv d\\' rj/xeh ov irnaofxeda, tlO^vtcs pLev tov
ewi wdaL debv, los Se <pl\ov red XaxbvrL tt)v ^kv6lov eprjpLtav Kai to edvos avTCov Kai tt)v
OidXeKTOv ovk 6vop.d'c~ovTes tov debv cos KvpLcp bvbpLaTi tlo llawaiov, Eustath. in II. p. 565, 6
bp.OLUs Kai ' RpoSoTov to KaXetrac Zei)s i>7r6 'Ekv6Qv opdoTara IIcxttcuos. C. Muller in his
note on Anon.per. pont. Eux. 13 (Geogr. Gr. min. i. 405 Muller) says of the Bithynian
river Uairdvios: ' Num forte nomen hoc a 7rd.7ra, Bithynico Jovis nomine, repetendum ?'
—a view adopted by W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Wbrterbuch dergriechischen Eigennamen3
Braunschweig 1875 ii. 1129, but rightly queried by O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii.
1559) and probably also the ttottol of the Scythians {et. mag. p. 823, 31 f. 01 yap Sxtf&u,
dya\p.aTa TLvd ^X0VT€^ inrbyaia ({nrbyea V.) twv 8eu>v, ttottovs avrd (avTOVS V.) KaXovaiv
=et. Gud. p. 580, 4 ft. o'l yap (sic) dydXp.aTa Tiva exovTes birbyea tlov deCov ttottovs avrd
KaXovaiv, Herodian. irepi KaOoXiK-qs TrpoaLpbias 7 (i. 187, 24^ Lentz) 7ro7ros' 2.Kvdai yap
Ta irap'' avTois dyaXp.aTia ttottovs koXovcti cited by Theognost. can. p. 158, 14 ff. ItKbOai
yap Ta wap' aureus dydXfxaTa ttottovs KaXovai. Kadws HpwdLavbs ev ttj KadbXov—an extract
printed in Bekker anecd. iii. 1433) and Dryopians (Plout. de and. poem. 6 Apvoires Se
ttottovs tovs Saifxovas, schol. E Od. l. 32 ttottol ol deal Kara tt)v tlov ApvoTTtov cpwvrjv Kai
eTTLpp7]fia avri tov (pev, Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 943 ttottol o'l deoi, bdev Kai to lo ttottol tlvcs
cb deoi ■fjKovcrav 7rap' 'OpLr/pw. r) Se Xi^ls ApvoTrwv. See further O. Hofer in Roscher Lex,
Myth. iii. 2759 f., E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks Cambridge 1913 p. xxxviii).
1 See J. C. E. Buschmann ' Uber den Naturlaut ' in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1852
Phil.-hist. Classe pp. 391—424, E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture* London 1891 i. 223 ff.,
P. Kretschmer Einleitung etc. pp. 200, 334 ff.
2 A. Fick Die ehemalige Spracheinheil der Indogermanen Europas Gbttingen 1873
p. 414 f. Cp. P. Kretschmer Einleitung etc. p. 355, who does not mention Fick, and
Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1548 n. 7, Frazer Golden Bou%h?>: Adonis Attis Osiris:i i. 281
n. 1, who follow Kretschmer. I hit upon the same (rather obvious) explanation inde-
pendently in the Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 79, supra i. 399 n. 3.
1 See e.g. H. Hepding Attis seine Mythen tend sein Kult Gieszen 1903 p. 123 if.,
H. Graillot Le cielte de Cybele mere des dieux a Rome et dans Fempire remain Paris 1912
p. 208 ff., Frazer Golden Bough*: Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 261 ff.
4 The simplest nursery-names for ' father' and ' mother' used by the ancients were
293
sobriquet strictly comparable with our 'Papa1.' Indeed, the term
Attis itself, as A. Fick proved in 18732, was just a pet-name for
' Father.' Now it is not a little remarkable that a youthful god,
who stood to Kybele in the same relation as Adonis to Aphrodite',
should have been thus habitually saluted in a tone of affectionate
familiarity as ' Daddy4.' The paradox ceases to be paradoxical, if
fiatjiX-qioi 1<Kvdai Kai tuj Ho<jei8euvi dvovcri. dvo/xd^eraL Se ~Zkv6l(jtI (on these names consult
H. Hirt Die Indogermanen Strassburg 1907 ii. 587, E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks
Cambridge 1913 p. 85 f.) ItrrtTj p.ev Ta/3(Ti, Zeus Se opdorara Kara, yvixi/xt]v ye tx\v i/x-qv
KaXebfxevos Hawalos, Trj Se 'Atria (with variant 'Awl), W_irbX\(jov Se Ohbavpos (Orig. c. Cels.
6. 39 thrice quotes Celsus as reading Toyyocrvpov, cp. Hesych. Yoiroavpov ■ tov 'AiroWiova.
XKvOai), Ovpavirj Se 'AcppoBirri W.pTi/j.ira<ra (with variants 'ApLtnraaa, 'ApyipLiraaa, cp.
Orig. c. Cels. 6. 39 quoting 'Apyip.Traaav as read here by Celsus, Hesych. 'Apriix-qaaav ■
Ovpaviav 'A<ppoS'iT7)v, vtrb ~Lkv6Qv. See further Gruppe Cult. Myth, orient. Rel. i. in,
id. Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1363 n. 3, O. Jessen in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. ii. 1454),
llocreioeW Se Qafj.i/J.a<rddas (with many variants : Orig. c. Cels. 6- 39 gives OayLfxdaaSa as
Celsus' reading). dydXpLara Se Kai (iupLovs Kai vrjovs ov vop.L{'ovaL iroLeeLv ttXt)v "Ape'i- tovtlo
de vofUfovat, Orig. c. Cels. 5. 41 quoting Celsus " ovSev ovv olp-at oiatpepeiv Aia "T^lotov
Ka\elv fj TiTjva 7) 'ASwvalov 7) "Ea^aicd f) 'A/uovv, los AiyviTTLOL, 17 Ilct7ra?0J', ws ^Kvdai, '
5. 45 dX/V eTrei Ke.Xcros oterat firjSev SLarpepeLv Ata ' TxpLtrrov KaXelv rj Ttrjva i) Aowalov
r) Za/3aaj# 77, los AiyvTTTLOL, 'Apovv r), los ^Kvdai, na7raTo^, <pepe k.t.X., 5. 46 XeyeTwaav Se
Kal HKvdai tov Havalou debv eivai tov eirl irdcnv d\\' rj/xeh ov irnaofxeda, tlO^vtcs pLev tov
ewi wdaL debv, los Se <pl\ov red XaxbvrL tt)v ^kv6lov eprjpLtav Kai to edvos avTCov Kai tt)v
OidXeKTOv ovk 6vop.d'c~ovTes tov debv cos KvpLcp bvbpLaTi tlo llawaiov, Eustath. in II. p. 565, 6
bp.OLUs Kai ' RpoSoTov to KaXetrac Zei)s i>7r6 'Ekv6Qv opdoTara IIcxttcuos. C. Muller in his
note on Anon.per. pont. Eux. 13 (Geogr. Gr. min. i. 405 Muller) says of the Bithynian
river Uairdvios: ' Num forte nomen hoc a 7rd.7ra, Bithynico Jovis nomine, repetendum ?'
—a view adopted by W. Pape—G. E. Benseler Wbrterbuch dergriechischen Eigennamen3
Braunschweig 1875 ii. 1129, but rightly queried by O. Hofer in Roscher Lex. Myth. iii.
1559) and probably also the ttottol of the Scythians {et. mag. p. 823, 31 f. 01 yap Sxtf&u,
dya\p.aTa TLvd ^X0VT€^ inrbyaia ({nrbyea V.) twv 8eu>v, ttottovs avrd (avTOVS V.) KaXovaiv
=et. Gud. p. 580, 4 ft. o'l yap (sic) dydXp.aTa Tiva exovTes birbyea tlov deCov ttottovs avrd
KaXovaiv, Herodian. irepi KaOoXiK-qs TrpoaLpbias 7 (i. 187, 24^ Lentz) 7ro7ros' 2.Kvdai yap
Ta irap'' avTois dyaXp.aTia ttottovs koXovcti cited by Theognost. can. p. 158, 14 ff. ItKbOai
yap Ta wap' aureus dydXfxaTa ttottovs KaXovai. Kadws HpwdLavbs ev ttj KadbXov—an extract
printed in Bekker anecd. iii. 1433) and Dryopians (Plout. de and. poem. 6 Apvoires Se
ttottovs tovs Saifxovas, schol. E Od. l. 32 ttottol ol deal Kara tt)v tlov ApvoTTtov cpwvrjv Kai
eTTLpp7]fia avri tov (pev, Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 943 ttottol o'l deoi, bdev Kai to lo ttottol tlvcs
cb deoi ■fjKovcrav 7rap' 'OpLr/pw. r) Se Xi^ls ApvoTrwv. See further O. Hofer in Roscher Lex,
Myth. iii. 2759 f., E. H. Minns Scythians and Greeks Cambridge 1913 p. xxxviii).
1 See J. C. E. Buschmann ' Uber den Naturlaut ' in the Abh. d. berl. Akad. 1852
Phil.-hist. Classe pp. 391—424, E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture* London 1891 i. 223 ff.,
P. Kretschmer Einleitung etc. pp. 200, 334 ff.
2 A. Fick Die ehemalige Spracheinheil der Indogermanen Europas Gbttingen 1873
p. 414 f. Cp. P. Kretschmer Einleitung etc. p. 355, who does not mention Fick, and
Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1548 n. 7, Frazer Golden Bou%h?>: Adonis Attis Osiris:i i. 281
n. 1, who follow Kretschmer. I hit upon the same (rather obvious) explanation inde-
pendently in the Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 79, supra i. 399 n. 3.
1 See e.g. H. Hepding Attis seine Mythen tend sein Kult Gieszen 1903 p. 123 if.,
H. Graillot Le cielte de Cybele mere des dieux a Rome et dans Fempire remain Paris 1912
p. 208 ff., Frazer Golden Bough*: Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 261 ff.
4 The simplest nursery-names for ' father' and ' mother' used by the ancients were