Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1925)

322

Zeus Tetrdotos

for Aelius was sometimes spelled E/ius1, while Helius on occasion
appears as Haelius2.

(7) Zeus Tetrdotos.

Again, Zeus—like other ancient divinities3—is sometimes Jani-
form. But here each case has to be investigated separately, and we
must not assume without more ado that the duplication of features
necessarily points to twinhood4.

There seems to have been a cult of Zeus Tetrdotos, ' the Four-
eared,' in Phrygia5, just as there was a cult of Apollon Tetrdotos in
Lakonike6, while Tetrdotos pure and simple occurs at Gela, appa-
rently as the name of an ancient Sicanian deity (?)7.

1 Dessau Inscr. Lat. set. nos. 2431, 6122, 6i22a.
- Corp. inscr. Lat. vi no. 19138.

3 See e.g. W. H. Roscher's collection of Janiform heads in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii.
49—55-

4 Other possibilities with regard to the origin and development of these multiple types
are discussed in Folk-Lore 1904 xv. 282 ff.

5 A. Korte in the Gbtt. Gel. Anz. 1897 clix. 408 no. 51 Shar-djuk (the stone is broken

at the top and damaged in the last line but one)---\av\v yvvai\id ice t4kv\ois birep t\wv

ibiwv j Ail TeTpa\w[ru (car'] e[vxvv- Korte suggests Terpduros, but remarks that this
necessitates kolt evxvv: an unusual fort/tula.

6 Zenob. 1. 54 aKove tov ra r^acrapa arret e'xof tos ' em twv aweidovvTwv. xpr\<jp.b<i yap
eS68rj 'Evripup Tip Kprjri Kai 'AvTt<prj/j.ip rip'Pobiip (pvXd^aadai tov TeTpdwrov ' fjv 8e ovtos
Xyar-qs Qoivi.^ ' 01 Se rod xp^cr/xot; dfieXijtjavTes airwXovTO. rj eiri tov woXXd ISovtos Kai
woXXd dhcovcravTos, ciis 'ApiaTocpdvr/s (pijaiv. aXXoi Se tt\v ■wapoipi.iav irapayyiXXeiv tusv
aXijdevovTwv duoveiv ovSeis yap d\pevSeo~Tepos tov ' AttSXXojvos, Sv TeTpdxecpa Kai reTpduTOv
iSpvcravTo AaKe8aip.6vioi, bis (pr/cri Zwcr//3ios [frag. 11 (Frag. hist. Gr. ii. 627 Miiller)), otl
towvtos u(pdrj rots irepi 'Ap.vK\av ptaxop-evois. Similar statements occur in Diogeneian. 2. 5
and Apostol. r. 93. Cp. Liban. or. 11. 204 (i. 2. 507, 9 ff. Foerster) anent the shape of
the new town at Antiocheia on the Orontes e/c Se dipiSuv TeTTapwv dXXrjXais awripiioa-
p.evuv eis TeTpdyuvov tvttov toenrep e£ opupaXov TeTrapes arouiv cn^vyiai. Kad' e/catrroc t/j.ij/xa
tov ovpavov TeravTai, olov iv 'AttoXXojvos Terpdxet-pos dyaXfiaTt, Hesych. s.v. KovpiSiov '...
AaKcoves Se KovpiSiov KaXovcri tov Trap avTois (so Stephanus Thes. Gr. Ling. iv. 1893 A for
KaXovai. irapaSe aiiTols cod.) Terpdxeipov ' AwoXXcova, id. s.v. KWOKlas' IfidvreSj oi ex /3vparis
tov crcpayiaffdevTos TeTpdxei.pi 'AttoXXuvl /3oos ZiradXa didofxivov, Scholl—Studemund anecd.
i. 267 ('AwoXXwvos) 38 TeTpaxeipov, H. J. W. Tillyard in the Ann. Brit. Sch. Ath. 1905-
1906 xii. 378 f. no. 44, 1 i. = Lnscr. Gr. Arc. L,ac. Mess, i no. 259, 1 f. (slab with carved
pediment from the precinct of Artemis Orthia) ipevs crelo, Mdnaipa, Ka\_crcyvrjTov'] \ Terpd-
Xeipos p&av [viKriaas av]\deTo KaXXinpaTr)?. k.t.X. See further O. Hofer in Roscher Lex.
Myth. v. 398 f.

7 Entimos and Antiphemos, the founders of Gela (Hdt. 7. 153, Thouk. 6. 4, Athen.
297 f), consulted the Pythia (Diod. 8. 23, Aristainetos (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 319 Miiller) ap.
Steph. Byz. s.v. YeXa, et. mag. p. 225, 1 ff., cp. schol. Pind. 01. 2. 16) and were bidden
inter alia to beware of tov TerpdwTov (supra n. 6). They became embroiled with the
Sikanoi (Artemon of Pergamon frag. 5 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 341 f. Miiller) ap. schol. Pind.
01. 2. 16), and Antiphemos, having sacked the Sicanian town of Omphake, carried off to
Gela an image made by Daidalos (Paus. 8. 46. 2, 9. 40. 4). Since Janiform deities other
than Ianus were not unknown in southern Sicily (Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Sicily p. 186
Syracuse no. 283, G. F. Hill Coins of Ancient Sicily London 1903 p. 150 pi. 11, 4), it