DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14696#0628
554 The deity of the double axe
cula or portable shrine with an Egyptian cornice : he holds a double
axe in his right hand, a hdrpe in his left, and is flanked by the fore-
parts of two bulls.
When the Bronze Age passed into the Iron Age, the 'Minoan'
Kronos was succeeded by the Hellenic Zeus—a succession facili-
tated by the similar character of the two gods. O. Gruppe1 points
out that Kronos, like Zeus, was worshipped on mountains, many
heights in Greece2, Libye, Italy, Sicily, and the west" being
( = my fig. 431) Elagabalos, p. 138 pi. 17, 10 ( = my fig. 432) G'allienus, Head Hist, mini?
p. 794.
1 Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1105 n. 1.
- (1) To the north of the Altis at Oiympia rises to Kpoviov (opos) (Pind. 01. 1. 111,
6. 64, Nem. 6. 63, Xen. Hell. 7. 4. 14, Diod. 15. 77, Plout. de fluv. 19. 3, Paus. 5. 21. 2,
6. 19. r, 6. 20. 1, cp. Anth. Pal. 12. 64. 2 (Alkaios Mess.) where Salmasius cj. aiireivQ...
virb Kpoviip for aiTrivi)i...virb Kpovia cod.), otherwise called 6 Kpbvios Xbcpos (Dion. Hal.
ant. Rom. 1. 34, et. mag. p. 426, 20 f.) or the like (Pind. 01. 8. 17 trap Kpbvov Xbcpio, 10.
49 f. irdyov | Kpbvov, 11.25 lrap' evbevbpoj...bx9ip Kpbvov), on the top of which the Basilai
offered sacrifices to Kronos at the spring equinox in the Elean month Elaphios (Paus. 6.
20. 1, cp. Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 34). (2) Ptol. 3. 16. 14 with schol. ad loc. mentions
a Kpoviov in Lakonike. (3) Bekker anecd. i. 273, 20 f. Kpoviov Tep.evos' to irapa to vvv
'OXv/j.iriov fiexpi tov ~yiT]Tp(x!ov tov ev dyopq. (leg. iv "Aypa or iv "Aypas: see C. Wachsmuth
Die Stadt Athen im Alterthum Leipzig 1874 i. 227, id. in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc.
1. 888). (4) P. Chiotis 'IcrTopiKa 'Awofxv^fxoveijfxaTa tt/s vr)crov TiaKvvQov KepKvpa 1849 !5
(cited by M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1485) speaks of aKorreXoi Kpbvioiin Zakynthos.
3 Lyd. de mens. 4. 71 p. 123, 7 ff. Wtinsch 6 be KpaTris (C. Wachsmuth De Cratete
Mallota Lipsiae i860 p. 71 frag, sedis incertae 9) tov Kpbvov cprjal ^.iKeXias Kal TraXtas Kal
tov irXeiarov /xipovs ttjs Aifivys (iacriXedcrai airrjvQs, tov be tovtov vibv eirideadai Tip iraTpl
Kal aiiTov /j.ev eis eaxaTov eXdaai TTjS bvaews, ^/xepwrara be tt}s j3acriXeias dvTiXaj3eadai, Kal
bid tovto Tifj.7)d9jvai 1x1s 9ebv, 4. [54 p. 170, 6 ff. Wunsch Kal /3acriXevo-ai be avrbv (se. Kpbvov)
i] icTTopia ?ra < pa > bibucriv, < cos ip.irpo> udev dcprjyrio'dp.rjv, k<ard> re ttjv Ai^vrjv <Kal>
^,iKeXlav < Kal tovs ecrirep'iovs To>irovs Kal ir<b>Xiv KTicrai, d>s 6 Xdpa£ (prjffi (frag. 17
(Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 640 Midler)), t<t)v tots /xev Xey> 0/j.evrjv Kpov'iav, vvv be 'lepav irbXiv,
lbs 'la'iyovos <irepl IIaX> ikwv deu>v (frag. 20 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 437 Miiller)) Kal TloXep.iov
(frag. 102 (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 148 Miiller)) Kal At'crx^Xos ev T-rj Mrvjj (frag. 11 Xauck2)
7r < apabibbaaiv 7} ujs irdcr > a 77 iaTOpia KaTa tov Evrj/jiepov (G. Nemethy Euhemeri reliquiae
Budapestini 1889 frag, to) ttoikLW < erai, k.t.X. >, Diod. 3. 61 bvvaaTevcrai be <paai tov
Kpbvov Kara 'ZiKeXiav Kal Aij3vr}v, £ri be tt)v 'IraXiav, Kal to crvvoXov ev tois irpos euirepav
tottois crvo-T-qaaffdai tt)v {iaoiXeLav ' irapd irdcri be <ppovpais biaKaTexelv Tas aKpoirbXeis Kal
tovs bxvpovs tujv tottiov [tovtwv~\ ■ d(p' ov brj fJ-expi tov vvv xpbvov KaTa re tj]v ^iKeX'iav Kal
Ta irpos eairepav vevovTa fxepri iroXXobs tojv viprjX&v tottiov air'' eKeivov Kpbvia irpocrayopevecrdai,
Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 44 de patre eorum Saturno id negari potest, quern vulgo maxime
colunt ad occidentem ?
Saturn was much in evidence throughout Roman Africa, where the Phoenician Ba'al-
hammdn (supra i. 353 f.) was Latinised as Satumus and on occasion Grecised as Kronos
(J. Toutain De Saturni Dei in Africa Romana cultu Lutetise Parisiorum 1894, id. Les
die's Romanies de la Tunisie Paris 1896 pp. 213 ff., 222 f., id. Les c it lies patens dans
rempire romain Paris 1907 i. 247 f., A. Schulten Das r'omische Afrika Leipzig 1899
p. 20 ff., G. Wissowa in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 441 ff., id. Rel. Knit. Rom? p. 208). To
give but a single example, Satumus Balcaranensis (also Balcaranesis, Balcharanensis,
Balkkaranensis), that is Ba'al Qarnaim, ' Lord of the Two Horns,' was worshipped near
Carthage on a two-peaked mountain, which still bears the name Djebel Bou-Kournein.
Here on the highest summit the god had a Umenos and an altar of masonry set against
cula or portable shrine with an Egyptian cornice : he holds a double
axe in his right hand, a hdrpe in his left, and is flanked by the fore-
parts of two bulls.
When the Bronze Age passed into the Iron Age, the 'Minoan'
Kronos was succeeded by the Hellenic Zeus—a succession facili-
tated by the similar character of the two gods. O. Gruppe1 points
out that Kronos, like Zeus, was worshipped on mountains, many
heights in Greece2, Libye, Italy, Sicily, and the west" being
( = my fig. 431) Elagabalos, p. 138 pi. 17, 10 ( = my fig. 432) G'allienus, Head Hist, mini?
p. 794.
1 Gruppe Gr. Myth. Rel. p. 1105 n. 1.
- (1) To the north of the Altis at Oiympia rises to Kpoviov (opos) (Pind. 01. 1. 111,
6. 64, Nem. 6. 63, Xen. Hell. 7. 4. 14, Diod. 15. 77, Plout. de fluv. 19. 3, Paus. 5. 21. 2,
6. 19. r, 6. 20. 1, cp. Anth. Pal. 12. 64. 2 (Alkaios Mess.) where Salmasius cj. aiireivQ...
virb Kpoviip for aiTrivi)i...virb Kpovia cod.), otherwise called 6 Kpbvios Xbcpos (Dion. Hal.
ant. Rom. 1. 34, et. mag. p. 426, 20 f.) or the like (Pind. 01. 8. 17 trap Kpbvov Xbcpio, 10.
49 f. irdyov | Kpbvov, 11.25 lrap' evbevbpoj...bx9ip Kpbvov), on the top of which the Basilai
offered sacrifices to Kronos at the spring equinox in the Elean month Elaphios (Paus. 6.
20. 1, cp. Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 34). (2) Ptol. 3. 16. 14 with schol. ad loc. mentions
a Kpoviov in Lakonike. (3) Bekker anecd. i. 273, 20 f. Kpoviov Tep.evos' to irapa to vvv
'OXv/j.iriov fiexpi tov ~yiT]Tp(x!ov tov ev dyopq. (leg. iv "Aypa or iv "Aypas: see C. Wachsmuth
Die Stadt Athen im Alterthum Leipzig 1874 i. 227, id. in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc.
1. 888). (4) P. Chiotis 'IcrTopiKa 'Awofxv^fxoveijfxaTa tt/s vr)crov TiaKvvQov KepKvpa 1849 !5
(cited by M. Mayer in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 1485) speaks of aKorreXoi Kpbvioiin Zakynthos.
3 Lyd. de mens. 4. 71 p. 123, 7 ff. Wtinsch 6 be KpaTris (C. Wachsmuth De Cratete
Mallota Lipsiae i860 p. 71 frag, sedis incertae 9) tov Kpbvov cprjal ^.iKeXias Kal TraXtas Kal
tov irXeiarov /xipovs ttjs Aifivys (iacriXedcrai airrjvQs, tov be tovtov vibv eirideadai Tip iraTpl
Kal aiiTov /j.ev eis eaxaTov eXdaai TTjS bvaews, ^/xepwrara be tt}s j3acriXeias dvTiXaj3eadai, Kal
bid tovto Tifj.7)d9jvai 1x1s 9ebv, 4. [54 p. 170, 6 ff. Wunsch Kal /3acriXevo-ai be avrbv (se. Kpbvov)
i] icTTopia ?ra < pa > bibucriv, < cos ip.irpo> udev dcprjyrio'dp.rjv, k<ard> re ttjv Ai^vrjv <Kal>
^,iKeXlav < Kal tovs ecrirep'iovs To>irovs Kal ir<b>Xiv KTicrai, d>s 6 Xdpa£ (prjffi (frag. 17
(Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 640 Midler)), t<t)v tots /xev Xey> 0/j.evrjv Kpov'iav, vvv be 'lepav irbXiv,
lbs 'la'iyovos <irepl IIaX> ikwv deu>v (frag. 20 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv. 437 Miiller)) Kal TloXep.iov
(frag. 102 (Frag. hist. Gr. iii. 148 Miiller)) Kal At'crx^Xos ev T-rj Mrvjj (frag. 11 Xauck2)
7r < apabibbaaiv 7} ujs irdcr > a 77 iaTOpia KaTa tov Evrj/jiepov (G. Nemethy Euhemeri reliquiae
Budapestini 1889 frag, to) ttoikLW < erai, k.t.X. >, Diod. 3. 61 bvvaaTevcrai be <paai tov
Kpbvov Kara 'ZiKeXiav Kal Aij3vr}v, £ri be tt)v 'IraXiav, Kal to crvvoXov ev tois irpos euirepav
tottois crvo-T-qaaffdai tt)v {iaoiXeLav ' irapd irdcri be <ppovpais biaKaTexelv Tas aKpoirbXeis Kal
tovs bxvpovs tujv tottiov [tovtwv~\ ■ d(p' ov brj fJ-expi tov vvv xpbvov KaTa re tj]v ^iKeX'iav Kal
Ta irpos eairepav vevovTa fxepri iroXXobs tojv viprjX&v tottiov air'' eKeivov Kpbvia irpocrayopevecrdai,
Cic. de nat. deor. 3. 44 de patre eorum Saturno id negari potest, quern vulgo maxime
colunt ad occidentem ?
Saturn was much in evidence throughout Roman Africa, where the Phoenician Ba'al-
hammdn (supra i. 353 f.) was Latinised as Satumus and on occasion Grecised as Kronos
(J. Toutain De Saturni Dei in Africa Romana cultu Lutetise Parisiorum 1894, id. Les
die's Romanies de la Tunisie Paris 1896 pp. 213 ff., 222 f., id. Les c it lies patens dans
rempire romain Paris 1907 i. 247 f., A. Schulten Das r'omische Afrika Leipzig 1899
p. 20 ff., G. Wissowa in Roscher Lex. Myth. iv. 441 ff., id. Rel. Knit. Rom? p. 208). To
give but a single example, Satumus Balcaranensis (also Balcaranesis, Balcharanensis,
Balkkaranensis), that is Ba'al Qarnaim, ' Lord of the Two Horns,' was worshipped near
Carthage on a two-peaked mountain, which still bears the name Djebel Bou-Kournein.
Here on the highest summit the god had a Umenos and an altar of masonry set against