Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 3,1): Zeus god of the dark sky (earthquake, clouds, wind, dew, rain, meteorits): Text and notes (Cambridge, 1940)

Rain-magic in ancient Greece 309

tion of our text. For it arranges the divinities in the same order—
Men in the centre between Pan on the left and a sample Nymph on
the right. Pan and the Nymphs are natural protectors of grottoes,
sPrings, and the like. Men is present partly because he was assimi-
lated to Hermes1, partly because in his own character of moon-god2
he would be responsible for the dew3, which in Attike meant so
much to the cultivator of the thirsty ground. We may take it, then,
that the owner of this particular well sought to ensure his water-
supply by a silent and undemonstrative invocation of appropriate
deities, coupled with the old magical cry ' Rain! Conceive, conceive
abundantly!'

That cry was addressed to the divine Sky above and to the
divine Earth below. No names were used, but it is probable that
these powers had long been anthropomorphic. I should venture to
identify them with the nameless Theos and Thea of Eleusinian
Ascriptions4, who elsewhere emerge into clearer light and more

Supra ii. 285 n. o. 2 Supra i. 193 fig. 142, 642 fig. 501, 731 fig. 540.

W- Drexler in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 2765.

(') An Athenian decree of c. 423/2 B.C., found at Eleusis, mentions in line 38 (cited

4

with

context

supra p. 302 n. o (4)) gifts toic Oeotv (sc. Demetei' and Kore), TpurroX^/xij,
3«f), rrj 8££ EuSouXw, T-n'Ae-nvaia.
(2! Th*. ■ •

'pi . volive relief of Lysimachides, found in 188.5 during the excavation of the
Le°Utonion' at Eleusis (D. Philios in the 'E0. 'ApX. 1886 p. 19 ff. pi. 3, 1, A. Bouche-
j.. c ei"cq in Daremberg—Saglio Diet. Ant. iii. 1008 fig. 4380, Farnell Cults of Gk. States
Rfy^Ii ' ^ *' Svoronos Ath. Nationalmus. p. 554 ft", no. 1519 pi. 88, Reinach
feast -f-S 412

no. 2), renders in the style of 350—300 B.C. a Totenmahl or hero-
dea(j lnscr'bed (Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 3 no. 1620 6) Beat Qeui | AwriMax'^s avid-qice. The
tIg2 ^flan' here represented as a chthonian Zeus (cp. Zeus Epitileios Philios supra ii.
aPpare' ^ 97°)> holds rhytin and bowl. His consort, the chthonian goddess, has
(3e[jj^n^ a hypothy?>Us or garland for the neck. Beside them are seated the Eleusinian
torches em?ter (scePtre) and Persephone (wreath with leaves added in paint, pair of
ttieant , rninS)- Demeter's seat is round and consists in four courses of stone, perhaps
l. s, . 0r the well-mouth of Kallichoron (Kallim. //. Dem. 15, Nik. ther. 486, Apollod.

site of th^ ^rasmentary relief of Lakrateides, the greater part of which was found on the
in the AtA*"** 'Plouto"io11' (D- Philios in the 'E0. 'ApX. 1886 p. 24 ff. pi. 3, 2, O. Kent
^-Wsis' ' ' I™*"*' '^9r xvi. 3, 4 n. 1, R. Heberdey 'Das Weihrelief des Lakrateides aus
fragment^Festschrif fiir Otto Benndorf Wien 1898 pp. 111—116 pi. 4 (collotype of
Eleusis. H- von Prott in the Ath. Mitth. 1899 xxiv. 256—266 (on 6e6s, Bed at
(restotaa N' Sv0ronos in lhe Joum. Intern, d'Arch. Num. 1901 iv. 487—507 pi. I H'—K'
Alittk. %• 200), D. Philios 'To iv 'EXewixi XaKpardSiOv avay\vipov in the Ath.

(^nvyno^°5 fXX' —I^ two n£s- an(* a careful line-drawing of the fragments
A" ^. Law Farndl Cults °f Gk. States m.. 135ff.pl. 2, Reinach Rep. Reliefs ii. 348110. 1,
Sculpture Lre"Ce Later Greek Sculpture London 1927 pp. 46, 124 pi. 79, id. Classical
Presumabl °^d°n "929 P- 3>o), was dedicated c. 100—90 B.C.—the dedicator being
S<wrTpdToJ he th^mothe-tes of 97/96 B.C. (Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 2 no. 1047, 41 AaKparelSr,!
7==DittenberKa'"£')!' CP' ^ P^//la'sUs of 106/105 B.C. in Corp. inscr. Att. ii. 2 no. 955,
bears an inser^er SyU' i"5" ' G' '3 no" 711 7 2ii<"7>aTos AaKparelHou 'l[K]apievs). It
criPtion, which has been variously completed, (a) R. Heberdey he. cit. p. 115 :