DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14698#0737
Zeus as an ox; Zeus Olbios
653
Hypanis1, whence his cult spread still further afield2, even to
central Italy3 and Germany4.
(Steph. Byz. s.v. Kwrpos), Kepaffria (Menandros of Ephesos frag. 7 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv.
448 Muller) and Xenagoras frag. 8 (ib. iv. 527) ap. schol. and Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 447 -
"taS- V- 738, 51 ff. He recalls Ovid's allusion to the horned Cerastae of Amathus, who
Used to sacrifice a stranger to lupiter Hospes (i.e. Zeus H^ios) till Venus in indignation
transformed them into savage bulls (Ov. met. 10. 222 ff. illos, gemino quondam quibus
aspera cornu | frons erat, unde etiam nomen traxere Cerastae. | ante fores horum stabat
ov's Hospitis ara; | ignarus sceleris (so J. N. Madvig for in lugubris sceleri (sceleris N.)
codd. J. p Postgate cj. lugubris; incesto) quam siquis sanguine tinctam | advena vidisset,
mactatos crederet illic | lactantes vitulos Amathusiacasque bidentes: | hospes erat caesus!
sacris offensa nefandis | ipsa suas urbes Ophiusiaque arva parabat | deserere alma Venus,
-35 ff- dum dubitat, quo mutet eos, ad cornua voltum | fiexit et admonita est haec illis
that' re^'n<^U' I grandiaque in torvos transformat membra iuvencos), and finally remarks
Qlat "ouserris' sacrifice of a stranger to Zeus (Hdt. 2. 45: see further F. Hiller von
ae*tringen in Pauly—W issowa Real-Enc. iii. 1074 ff.) is derived from this Cypriote
lce through Pygmalion (interp. Serv. in Verg. georg. 3. 5 Busiris, Aegypti rex,
Jus annis Iovi hospites immolabat: nam per octo annos sterilitate Aegypto laborante,
ai^m'l''on Cyprius finem futurum non ait, nisi sanguine hospitis litatum fuisset. primus
! & "oil ''estes a''enigena immolatus originem sacrificio dedit) or his brother Phrasios
oCto 2" 5 ■ i i TavTTjs eftaaiXeve TSouaipis, UocreiSGivos irais Kal Avo-tavdaaris rijs 'liird<pov.
k!itqt0vs *^*01" (8uev eiri fiivpjp Aids Kara ti \6yiov evvia yap (rrj aepopia tt)v AtyvrrTov
eav £^e' *'K'<rios ^ e\8uv Ik Kvrrpov, p.dvTis tt)v iinaTr)n-r)v, i<p7j tt\v dtpopiav iraiaaaSai,
rohs °V av^Pa Tt? Ai2 (Ttpd^tjiat Kar £tos. HoLnnpLt 5e eKeivov wpLcrov a<pd^as tov p.dvTiv
'• 6^ff°"TaS ^"'ous 2<"Pa&i cp- llyg.fab. 56 who calls him Thrasius, as does Ov.ao am.
Gold'. ^7"rtne'm Teukros und Teukrer Rotterdam 1913 p. 40 and Frazer
Salam- Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 145 f. apparently refer to Teukros also the
Euseb n'an r'tC °^ sPear'nS a man for Agraulos or Diomedes (Porph. dc abst. 2. 54 f. -
^■"Puv'lSa-^' eV' 4' - ^ ^ Ti •SoXa/afl't, irpdrepov Si KopuviSi (KopuvlSiov codd.
4. tg* ' ^yHl- c- Iulian. 4. 128 (lxxvi. 697 c—d Migne). Kopwvela Euseb. praep. ev.
*«iE ,aiK' 24' CP- Steph. Byz. s. vv. Kopuveia-...TeTaprq ir6\is Kinrpov, Kopdtvq' ...t<rn
ie6(roP^P^ ^01pa ttjs ~a\apXvos rrjs ev KvTrpip) dvop.afop.e'vri, p.-qvl Kara KvTrpiovs'AippoSLfflip
T£i/ ^( Ptovos Trj 'AypaOXip ttj KeKpoiros Kal vip.<pi)s 'AypavXldos. Kal dik/xeve to (80s &%pi
"^P'lSoXo "0"S e'Ta P-CTefiaXev, ware Tip Aio^?)5ei tov dvBpwirov 86e<r8af iitft (va 5k
(ip-fjR T* T7>* ^^"ds veils Kal 6 rijs 'Aypa6\ov Kal Awp-r/dovs. 6 5e cr<payia^6/ievos virb
"■"■"Md^oD " a"y^e"os TP'S Tfp'^9« tov fiap.6v ■ ZireiTa 6 iepeis avTOv \6yxv (vaiev Kara tov
4. jg ' *al "C'rws avT&v eiri tt/v vr/irdeiaav (vrjdeio-av codd. v-qaBeiaav Euseb. praep. ev.
tri°dified " ' laude c<»'st. 13. atpSeiaav Kyrill. toe. cit.) irvpav uXoKOiirifej-)—a rite later
GriecJtm ^ovemiav (supra i. 659 n. 4). p". Schwenn Die Menschenopfer bei den
entttely ^Snurn Giessen 1915 pp. n, 70 f., 186 discusses this Salaminian rite, but
°^eus, knores all the foregoing evidence for human sacrifice in the Cypriote cults
'' **' ,^at^SC'lev J"scriptioncs antiquae orae septentrionalis Ponti Euxini YelxorxAi 1885
niar^lefra !l assign^ to the reign of Septimius Severus (193—211 a.d.) a slab of grey
°n ^orseb ; ■ Corimnian Piasters and a pediment, which contained the relief of a man
°f a Pubp0 k h°rSe 'leId by a naked bo>'- The inscription below is a decree in honour
^>co» Ti'C„ bcnefactor, Kallisthenes son of Kallisthenes, who is described thus: 16 ff.
"t*"t>U.evo[s <Lfl°Ta Kai irpdrruv ra o-vv<p(povTa ira\tt}p aTreSelxSy rrjs wiXews- lepevs Se
^'""Sstn, ""Po^ffTwroj Tijs iro\ews r/p.wv 8eou Aids 'OXfiiov [Kal . . . .~\ov\eas (E. H.
9^Pa7r(e),;^^Sts a compound of Xovw, a natural rain charm.' Perhaps rather a slip for
^Was- T>A" B' C-' 0'°* ay&s, rns tCjv aipwv evKpa[fflas Se6p.evos] | Mrvxev
•^ofj1) Te °*<r'a* "ffi»«» ftac^Xuo-e, tois] | [8e]ope'i>ois iiri5i[6]ovs xPVlA.aTa, I*1**
he Worship of Zeus at Olbia and in the neighbourhood see Miss G. Mi Hirst in
653
Hypanis1, whence his cult spread still further afield2, even to
central Italy3 and Germany4.
(Steph. Byz. s.v. Kwrpos), Kepaffria (Menandros of Ephesos frag. 7 (Frag. hist. Gr. iv.
448 Muller) and Xenagoras frag. 8 (ib. iv. 527) ap. schol. and Tzetz. in Lyk. Al. 447 -
"taS- V- 738, 51 ff. He recalls Ovid's allusion to the horned Cerastae of Amathus, who
Used to sacrifice a stranger to lupiter Hospes (i.e. Zeus H^ios) till Venus in indignation
transformed them into savage bulls (Ov. met. 10. 222 ff. illos, gemino quondam quibus
aspera cornu | frons erat, unde etiam nomen traxere Cerastae. | ante fores horum stabat
ov's Hospitis ara; | ignarus sceleris (so J. N. Madvig for in lugubris sceleri (sceleris N.)
codd. J. p Postgate cj. lugubris; incesto) quam siquis sanguine tinctam | advena vidisset,
mactatos crederet illic | lactantes vitulos Amathusiacasque bidentes: | hospes erat caesus!
sacris offensa nefandis | ipsa suas urbes Ophiusiaque arva parabat | deserere alma Venus,
-35 ff- dum dubitat, quo mutet eos, ad cornua voltum | fiexit et admonita est haec illis
that' re^'n<^U' I grandiaque in torvos transformat membra iuvencos), and finally remarks
Qlat "ouserris' sacrifice of a stranger to Zeus (Hdt. 2. 45: see further F. Hiller von
ae*tringen in Pauly—W issowa Real-Enc. iii. 1074 ff.) is derived from this Cypriote
lce through Pygmalion (interp. Serv. in Verg. georg. 3. 5 Busiris, Aegypti rex,
Jus annis Iovi hospites immolabat: nam per octo annos sterilitate Aegypto laborante,
ai^m'l''on Cyprius finem futurum non ait, nisi sanguine hospitis litatum fuisset. primus
! & "oil ''estes a''enigena immolatus originem sacrificio dedit) or his brother Phrasios
oCto 2" 5 ■ i i TavTTjs eftaaiXeve TSouaipis, UocreiSGivos irais Kal Avo-tavdaaris rijs 'liird<pov.
k!itqt0vs *^*01" (8uev eiri fiivpjp Aids Kara ti \6yiov evvia yap (rrj aepopia tt)v AtyvrrTov
eav £^e' *'K'<rios ^ e\8uv Ik Kvrrpov, p.dvTis tt)v iinaTr)n-r)v, i<p7j tt\v dtpopiav iraiaaaSai,
rohs °V av^Pa Tt? Ai2 (Ttpd^tjiat Kar £tos. HoLnnpLt 5e eKeivov wpLcrov a<pd^as tov p.dvTiv
'• 6^ff°"TaS ^"'ous 2<"Pa&i cp- llyg.fab. 56 who calls him Thrasius, as does Ov.ao am.
Gold'. ^7"rtne'm Teukros und Teukrer Rotterdam 1913 p. 40 and Frazer
Salam- Adonis Attis Osiris3 i. 145 f. apparently refer to Teukros also the
Euseb n'an r'tC °^ sPear'nS a man for Agraulos or Diomedes (Porph. dc abst. 2. 54 f. -
^■"Puv'lSa-^' eV' 4' - ^ ^ Ti •SoXa/afl't, irpdrepov Si KopuviSi (KopuvlSiov codd.
4. tg* ' ^yHl- c- Iulian. 4. 128 (lxxvi. 697 c—d Migne). Kopwvela Euseb. praep. ev.
*«iE ,aiK' 24' CP- Steph. Byz. s. vv. Kopuveia-...TeTaprq ir6\is Kinrpov, Kopdtvq' ...t<rn
ie6(roP^P^ ^01pa ttjs ~a\apXvos rrjs ev KvTrpip) dvop.afop.e'vri, p.-qvl Kara KvTrpiovs'AippoSLfflip
T£i/ ^( Ptovos Trj 'AypaOXip ttj KeKpoiros Kal vip.<pi)s 'AypavXldos. Kal dik/xeve to (80s &%pi
"^P'lSoXo "0"S e'Ta P-CTefiaXev, ware Tip Aio^?)5ei tov dvBpwirov 86e<r8af iitft (va 5k
(ip-fjR T* T7>* ^^"ds veils Kal 6 rijs 'Aypa6\ov Kal Awp-r/dovs. 6 5e cr<payia^6/ievos virb
"■"■"Md^oD " a"y^e"os TP'S Tfp'^9« tov fiap.6v ■ ZireiTa 6 iepeis avTOv \6yxv (vaiev Kara tov
4. jg ' *al "C'rws avT&v eiri tt/v vr/irdeiaav (vrjdeio-av codd. v-qaBeiaav Euseb. praep. ev.
tri°dified " ' laude c<»'st. 13. atpSeiaav Kyrill. toe. cit.) irvpav uXoKOiirifej-)—a rite later
GriecJtm ^ovemiav (supra i. 659 n. 4). p". Schwenn Die Menschenopfer bei den
entttely ^Snurn Giessen 1915 pp. n, 70 f., 186 discusses this Salaminian rite, but
°^eus, knores all the foregoing evidence for human sacrifice in the Cypriote cults
'' **' ,^at^SC'lev J"scriptioncs antiquae orae septentrionalis Ponti Euxini YelxorxAi 1885
niar^lefra !l assign^ to the reign of Septimius Severus (193—211 a.d.) a slab of grey
°n ^orseb ; ■ Corimnian Piasters and a pediment, which contained the relief of a man
°f a Pubp0 k h°rSe 'leId by a naked bo>'- The inscription below is a decree in honour
^>co» Ti'C„ bcnefactor, Kallisthenes son of Kallisthenes, who is described thus: 16 ff.
"t*"t>U.evo[s <Lfl°Ta Kai irpdrruv ra o-vv<p(povTa ira\tt}p aTreSelxSy rrjs wiXews- lepevs Se
^'""Sstn, ""Po^ffTwroj Tijs iro\ews r/p.wv 8eou Aids 'OXfiiov [Kal . . . .~\ov\eas (E. H.
9^Pa7r(e),;^^Sts a compound of Xovw, a natural rain charm.' Perhaps rather a slip for
^Was- T>A" B' C-' 0'°* ay&s, rns tCjv aipwv evKpa[fflas Se6p.evos] | Mrvxev
•^ofj1) Te °*<r'a* "ffi»«» ftac^Xuo-e, tois] | [8e]ope'i>ois iiri5i[6]ovs xPVlA.aTa, I*1**
he Worship of Zeus at Olbia and in the neighbourhood see Miss G. Mi Hirst in