Dennis, George: The cities and cemeteries of Etruria: in two volumes (Band 1) (London, 1848)

388

GRAVISCAE.

[chap. XX.

Tarquinii,2and whose position is indicated by the geographers
and Itineraries as somewhere in this neighbourhood.3

Of Graviscae a few scattered notices only have come
down to us. "We have no record of its foundation, yet we
learn that it was of high antiquity.4 It was probably a

2 Liv. XL. 29.

3 Strabo (loc. cit.) describes it as 300
stadia (374 miles) from Cosa, and some-
what less than 180 (22^ miles) from
Pyrgi. The Maritime Itinerary of
Antoninus states the distance from
Pyrgi as 27 miles. The Peutingerian
Table is defective in the distances on
this side of Graviscae, but states that
from Cosa to be 19 miles, which is much
too small. Ptolemy indicates it as lying
between Cosa and Castrum Novum.
Precision in these matters is not to
be looked for from the ancient geo-
graphers, both on account of their im-
perfect means of information, and from
the great facility for the introduction of
errors in the transcribing of figures.
We must be content with an approxi-
mation to truth.

Antonine Itinerary.
(Via Aurelia.)
Pyrgi

Castro Novo VIII

Centum Cellis V

Marta X

Forum Aureli XIIII

Cossam XXV

iegas

VI

.mine fluv.

III

ortum Herculis

XXV

Antonine Maritime Itinerary,

Pyrgi



Panapionem

III

Castrum Novum

VII

Centum Cellas

V

Algas

III

Rapinium

III

Graviscas

VI

Maltanum

III

Quintianam

III

V
Villi

IIII

V

II

III

IIII

III

II

XX

Pectingerian Table.

Pyrgi

Punicum

Castro Novo

Centum Cellas

Mindo fl.

Gravisca

Tabellaria

Marta

Foro Aurelii

Armenita fluv.

Ad Nonas

Succosa

Cosam

Portum Herculis
* SO. Italicus (VIII. 475) character-
ises it as—veteres Graviscae. Virgil
(Mn. X. 184) mentions it among the
Etruscan cities of the time of iEneas.
Lanzi (Sagg. II. p. 67) thinks, from the
connection in which Virgil cites it, with
Caere and Pyrgi, that it was of Pelasgic
origin.

There are certain coins — with the
legend TPA, and the head of Jupiter, two
eagles on a thunderbolt, and two dots as
the sign of a sextans,—which have been
attributed to Graviscae. Lanzi (Sagg.
II. pp. 26, 68) refers them to this city,
(so Mionnet, Med. Ant. I. p. 100,) be-
cause he has no proof to the contrary,
but remarks on their great similarity to
those of Agrigentum, so that it might
be suspected the inscription was altered
from KP A70KT1, the usual legend on those
Sicilian coins. Sestini (Lett. Numis. VI.