DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.20658#0017
<):•' DRAWING.
A -pair of compasses is also very necessary for drawing ovals, striking circles, arcs, $ic. and for
measuring the different proportions of the figure, when the outline is finished with the black-lead
pencil; by which any disproportion may be discevered, and corrected, before the piece be traced
with ink : for (as will be shewn hereafter) the proportions of the different parts of the same piece,,
both with reeard to itself and the original, are to be carefully examined.
Compasses are made either of silver or brass, but the points should be steel. The joints should
be formed of two different metals, viz. one side or part should be of silver or brass, and the other of
steel; by which means they will be more uniform in their motions ; for the two different metals
adhere less together than joints of the same metal ; and also wear more equally. The points
should be well tempered, and meet ••closely together, when the compasses are shut. In the best
compasses, one point b k moveable, and may be taken off; and in its place or stead may be
fixed the ink point c, the dotting point d, or the crayon point e. The ink point c serves to draw
ink lines, being supplied -with ink by means of the feeder o, which is a thin.piece of metal. The
dotting point d serves to draw dotted lines, when dipped in the ink. The crayon point e jeceives
its name from its use in holding a crayon or a black-lead pencil, by which means circular lines
may be drawn with any of these points.
In the use of the compasses it must be observed, that the thumb and the middle finger of the
right liand are to be .placed in the opposite hollows of the shanks, when, by pressing the thumb
and finger together the legs will open : then the hinder leg is to be pushed back with the third
finger, and the fore leg pushed forward with the nail of the middle finger, till they be opened wide
enough to receive both the middle and third fingers; when they may be extended or contracted at
pleasure, by extendingthe fore leg with the middle finger,or pushing it inwards with the fore finger.
In describing circles or arches, one foot is to "be set on that point designed for the center, and the
other foot turned in the direction required, by rolling the head of the compasses lightly between
the thumb and fore and middle fingers; holding them upright or perpendicular to the plane of the
paper ; and observing that they do not press forcibly on the paper, but rather act by their own
weight. The legs should never be so far extended as to form an acute angle with the paper or
plane on which they are used ; to avoid which, good compasses have a slight curve towards the
lower part of the legs ; and the ink and crayon points should have a joint near the top, by which
they may be always set perpendicular to the paper. When large circles or arches are to be drawn,
the compasses should also have an additional piece, p and o,to fix on the moveable leg, and thereby
lengthen it ; in which case the-plain point has also a joint to set it perpendicular to the paper.
Those compasses, in which the moveable points fasten lightly by a kind of spring in the construc-
tion, are preferable to others, in which the point&ate fastened by.a screw ; as the former are more
firm, and less liable to shake or move^out of their place.
Besides the above articles, there-are several others which have properly the appellation of draw-
ing instruments, and which have their various and respective uses in one or more branch of the
arts treated of in this work, and which it may be therefore necessary to enumerate.
There are generally three kinds of cases containing drawing instruments,sold in the shops, called
a small pocket case of instruments; a full pocket case; and a magazine case of instruments: which
latter, as it contains the whole of the former two, besides several others, is here described :
1. A pair of six inch compasses, with a moveable leg, an ink point,,a dotting point,,a.«rayoE
point, and two additional pieces to lengthen the moveable leg.
•2. A
A -pair of compasses is also very necessary for drawing ovals, striking circles, arcs, $ic. and for
measuring the different proportions of the figure, when the outline is finished with the black-lead
pencil; by which any disproportion may be discevered, and corrected, before the piece be traced
with ink : for (as will be shewn hereafter) the proportions of the different parts of the same piece,,
both with reeard to itself and the original, are to be carefully examined.
Compasses are made either of silver or brass, but the points should be steel. The joints should
be formed of two different metals, viz. one side or part should be of silver or brass, and the other of
steel; by which means they will be more uniform in their motions ; for the two different metals
adhere less together than joints of the same metal ; and also wear more equally. The points
should be well tempered, and meet ••closely together, when the compasses are shut. In the best
compasses, one point b k moveable, and may be taken off; and in its place or stead may be
fixed the ink point c, the dotting point d, or the crayon point e. The ink point c serves to draw
ink lines, being supplied -with ink by means of the feeder o, which is a thin.piece of metal. The
dotting point d serves to draw dotted lines, when dipped in the ink. The crayon point e jeceives
its name from its use in holding a crayon or a black-lead pencil, by which means circular lines
may be drawn with any of these points.
In the use of the compasses it must be observed, that the thumb and the middle finger of the
right liand are to be .placed in the opposite hollows of the shanks, when, by pressing the thumb
and finger together the legs will open : then the hinder leg is to be pushed back with the third
finger, and the fore leg pushed forward with the nail of the middle finger, till they be opened wide
enough to receive both the middle and third fingers; when they may be extended or contracted at
pleasure, by extendingthe fore leg with the middle finger,or pushing it inwards with the fore finger.
In describing circles or arches, one foot is to "be set on that point designed for the center, and the
other foot turned in the direction required, by rolling the head of the compasses lightly between
the thumb and fore and middle fingers; holding them upright or perpendicular to the plane of the
paper ; and observing that they do not press forcibly on the paper, but rather act by their own
weight. The legs should never be so far extended as to form an acute angle with the paper or
plane on which they are used ; to avoid which, good compasses have a slight curve towards the
lower part of the legs ; and the ink and crayon points should have a joint near the top, by which
they may be always set perpendicular to the paper. When large circles or arches are to be drawn,
the compasses should also have an additional piece, p and o,to fix on the moveable leg, and thereby
lengthen it ; in which case the-plain point has also a joint to set it perpendicular to the paper.
Those compasses, in which the moveable points fasten lightly by a kind of spring in the construc-
tion, are preferable to others, in which the point&ate fastened by.a screw ; as the former are more
firm, and less liable to shake or move^out of their place.
Besides the above articles, there-are several others which have properly the appellation of draw-
ing instruments, and which have their various and respective uses in one or more branch of the
arts treated of in this work, and which it may be therefore necessary to enumerate.
There are generally three kinds of cases containing drawing instruments,sold in the shops, called
a small pocket case of instruments; a full pocket case; and a magazine case of instruments: which
latter, as it contains the whole of the former two, besides several others, is here described :
1. A pair of six inch compasses, with a moveable leg, an ink point,,a dotting point,,a.«rayoE
point, and two additional pieces to lengthen the moveable leg.
•2. A