DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.20658#0044
30
ANATOMY.
Ligaments are white inelastic bands, very compact in their substance ; and also serve to con-
nect the bones together. Those belonging to the joints are distinguished by the epithets of round
and bursal. The former are of a tendinous nature,white, inelastic, strong, and flexible. These are
found only in the joint of the knee, and in the articulation of the os femoris with the os innomina-
tum. The bursal or capsular ligaments surround the whole joint, like a purse ; and are found in
those articulations which have a motion every way, as in that of the arm with the scapula.
There are some other distinctions observed in- the bursal ligaments from their situation and
uses: but the above description will be sufficient for the purpose of this work.
The bones in the human frame are divided by anatomists into the head, trunk, and extremities.
—The first division includes the bones of the cranium and face. The bones of the trunk are the
spine, ribs, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. The upper extremity, on each side, consists of the
two bones of the shoulder ; namely, the scapula and clavicle ; and the bone of the arm, or os
humeri, extending from the shoulder to the elbow ; and bones of the fore-arm, from the elbow to
the wrrist, with those of the hand : the lower extremities, on each side, consist of the bones of the
thigh, leg, and foot.
1. The head is of a roundish figure, rather oval; its greatest diameter is from the forehead to
the occiput. The upper part of the head is called the vertex, or crown of the head ; the anterior,
or the fore part, is the face: the upper part of this the sinciput, or forehead; its sides the temples;
its posterior, or hind part, the occiput; and its interior part the basis.
The bones of the head are divided into those of the cranium and face.—The cranium consists
of l.The coronal bone, or os frontis. 2.The two parietal bones, or ossa bregmatis. 3. The os oc-
cipitis. 4. The two temporal bones. 5. The sphenoid bone. 6. The os ethmoides, or cribri-
forme.—All these, except the os occipitis and ossa bregmatis, are common both to the cranium
and face.
The os frontis in its form somewhat resembles the shell of the cockle, being externally con-
vex, and internally concave; the concave side is turned towards the brain. On the exterior
surface of this bone there are five processes: one is placed at the bottom part, and is ealled the
nasal process, from its supporting the upper end of the bones of the nose : the four others are
called angular or orbitar processes. They assist in forming the orbits of the eyes: each eye hav-
ing one at its internal, and another at its external angle.
The os frontis is joined to most of the bones of the head by suture ; that which connects it
with the parietal bones is called the coronal suture.
The parietal bones are two in number : the figure of each is that of an irregular square, in-
dented all round, except at the lower part. These bones are very thin, and, in some places,
transparent. They compose the superior and lateral parts of the cranium, and cover the greater
part of the brain, forming a kind of vault. They are joined to the surrounding bones by suture ;
to the os sphenoides and ossa temporum by the squamous suture : to the os occipitis by the
lambdoidal suture ; and to the os frontis by the coronal suture.
The os-occipitis forms the posterior and interior parts of the skull: in form it approaches to that
of a lozenge: it is indented throughout three parts of its circumference : on its external surface
there is a large transverse ridge of an arched form ; beneath which the bone runs very irregular,
and affords attachment to several muscles. This bone serves to unite the head with the trunk of the
body : the two condyles of this bone being connected to the first vertebra of the neck. It is joined
to
ANATOMY.
Ligaments are white inelastic bands, very compact in their substance ; and also serve to con-
nect the bones together. Those belonging to the joints are distinguished by the epithets of round
and bursal. The former are of a tendinous nature,white, inelastic, strong, and flexible. These are
found only in the joint of the knee, and in the articulation of the os femoris with the os innomina-
tum. The bursal or capsular ligaments surround the whole joint, like a purse ; and are found in
those articulations which have a motion every way, as in that of the arm with the scapula.
There are some other distinctions observed in- the bursal ligaments from their situation and
uses: but the above description will be sufficient for the purpose of this work.
The bones in the human frame are divided by anatomists into the head, trunk, and extremities.
—The first division includes the bones of the cranium and face. The bones of the trunk are the
spine, ribs, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. The upper extremity, on each side, consists of the
two bones of the shoulder ; namely, the scapula and clavicle ; and the bone of the arm, or os
humeri, extending from the shoulder to the elbow ; and bones of the fore-arm, from the elbow to
the wrrist, with those of the hand : the lower extremities, on each side, consist of the bones of the
thigh, leg, and foot.
1. The head is of a roundish figure, rather oval; its greatest diameter is from the forehead to
the occiput. The upper part of the head is called the vertex, or crown of the head ; the anterior,
or the fore part, is the face: the upper part of this the sinciput, or forehead; its sides the temples;
its posterior, or hind part, the occiput; and its interior part the basis.
The bones of the head are divided into those of the cranium and face.—The cranium consists
of l.The coronal bone, or os frontis. 2.The two parietal bones, or ossa bregmatis. 3. The os oc-
cipitis. 4. The two temporal bones. 5. The sphenoid bone. 6. The os ethmoides, or cribri-
forme.—All these, except the os occipitis and ossa bregmatis, are common both to the cranium
and face.
The os frontis in its form somewhat resembles the shell of the cockle, being externally con-
vex, and internally concave; the concave side is turned towards the brain. On the exterior
surface of this bone there are five processes: one is placed at the bottom part, and is ealled the
nasal process, from its supporting the upper end of the bones of the nose : the four others are
called angular or orbitar processes. They assist in forming the orbits of the eyes: each eye hav-
ing one at its internal, and another at its external angle.
The os frontis is joined to most of the bones of the head by suture ; that which connects it
with the parietal bones is called the coronal suture.
The parietal bones are two in number : the figure of each is that of an irregular square, in-
dented all round, except at the lower part. These bones are very thin, and, in some places,
transparent. They compose the superior and lateral parts of the cranium, and cover the greater
part of the brain, forming a kind of vault. They are joined to the surrounding bones by suture ;
to the os sphenoides and ossa temporum by the squamous suture : to the os occipitis by the
lambdoidal suture ; and to the os frontis by the coronal suture.
The os-occipitis forms the posterior and interior parts of the skull: in form it approaches to that
of a lozenge: it is indented throughout three parts of its circumference : on its external surface
there is a large transverse ridge of an arched form ; beneath which the bone runs very irregular,
and affords attachment to several muscles. This bone serves to unite the head with the trunk of the
body : the two condyles of this bone being connected to the first vertebra of the neck. It is joined
to