DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.20658#0314
300 ECONOMICAL PAINTING.
pannels be new; then make the surface very even and smooth by means of a layer, to receive
the bard tint or polished ground and colours. This layer is always made of white, whatever the
after colours may be, and consists of white ceruse finely ground in linseed oil with a little litharge,
and diluted in the same oil with some essence of turpentine. To form the polished ground lay
on seven or eight coats of the hard tint, composed of white ceruse which has not been much
calcined., ground very fine in thick oil and then diluted with essence. You must take care that
the coats of this hard tint be equal to each other, not only in the application but in the proportion
of the ingredients. Then soften the ground with a piece of pumice ; polish it moderately with a
piece of serge, soaked in water containing pumice finely ground and passed through a fine sieve.
This part of the work can hardly be overdone. Next choose the colour for the work, grind it
in oil and dilute it in essence, pass it through very fine silk, and give two or three coats spread
carefully and thinly over the surface; for on this part of the operation depends in a great
measure the whole beauty of the colour. Then give two or three layers of spirit of wine varnish :
but where the varnish itself is to be polished seven or eight layers will be necessary, laid on
equally with great care ; for if it be thicker in one place than another spots will appear. This
is again polished with pumice and water. If the wood has been painted before, all the colour
should be rubbed off till you come to the hard tint, by means of pumice and water or of a piece
of linen dipped in essence.
There is also a white painting in oil called white polish varnish, corresponding to that called
king's white in water colours, which equals the freshness and gloss of marble when done on wood.
This is done by giving a layer of white ceruse ground in walnut oil with a little calcined copperas-
diluted in essence; but when this is applied to stone calcined copperas only is used with walnut
oil; then apply seven or eight coats of ceruse ground very fine in essence, and diluted in white
oil varnish with some copal. This varnish dries so quickly that three coats may be laid on m
one day : next soften and polish the work as before, and apply two or three layers of white lead,
ground in oil of walnuts and diluted in essence : lastly apply seven or eight coats of white spirit
of wine varnish, and then polish the whole.
PAINTING IN VAKNISH.
This is to employ colours ground and diluted in varnish, either in spirits of wine or oil, on all
sorts of materials. In this manner wainscoting, furniture, carriages, &c. are painted. To paint
apartments in this way, give two layers of fine whitening diluted in a strong size and boiling
hot: then fill up any holes or unevennesses of the wood with mastick in water, and when dry
smooth the layers with a pumice. When the wood is thus made even, suppose you were to paint
a grey colour, take one pound of white ceruse, one drachm of Prussian blue, or of charcoal or
ivory black ; put the white into a piece of leather so tied that the colour cannot escape, and shake
them till they are sufficiently mixed ; then put two ounces of colour into a quartern of varnish,
and when well mixed apply two coats over the white ground. This being dry, put one ounce
of colour into the same quantity of varnish and give another coat. Again, with half an ounce
of colour in the same quantity of varnish apply a third coat, As each of these dries it must be
carefully rubbed with a piece of coarse new cloth, but so as not to injure the surface of the
colour. These three layers may be applied in one day, and if a still greater lustre is wanted, a
fourth
pannels be new; then make the surface very even and smooth by means of a layer, to receive
the bard tint or polished ground and colours. This layer is always made of white, whatever the
after colours may be, and consists of white ceruse finely ground in linseed oil with a little litharge,
and diluted in the same oil with some essence of turpentine. To form the polished ground lay
on seven or eight coats of the hard tint, composed of white ceruse which has not been much
calcined., ground very fine in thick oil and then diluted with essence. You must take care that
the coats of this hard tint be equal to each other, not only in the application but in the proportion
of the ingredients. Then soften the ground with a piece of pumice ; polish it moderately with a
piece of serge, soaked in water containing pumice finely ground and passed through a fine sieve.
This part of the work can hardly be overdone. Next choose the colour for the work, grind it
in oil and dilute it in essence, pass it through very fine silk, and give two or three coats spread
carefully and thinly over the surface; for on this part of the operation depends in a great
measure the whole beauty of the colour. Then give two or three layers of spirit of wine varnish :
but where the varnish itself is to be polished seven or eight layers will be necessary, laid on
equally with great care ; for if it be thicker in one place than another spots will appear. This
is again polished with pumice and water. If the wood has been painted before, all the colour
should be rubbed off till you come to the hard tint, by means of pumice and water or of a piece
of linen dipped in essence.
There is also a white painting in oil called white polish varnish, corresponding to that called
king's white in water colours, which equals the freshness and gloss of marble when done on wood.
This is done by giving a layer of white ceruse ground in walnut oil with a little calcined copperas-
diluted in essence; but when this is applied to stone calcined copperas only is used with walnut
oil; then apply seven or eight coats of ceruse ground very fine in essence, and diluted in white
oil varnish with some copal. This varnish dries so quickly that three coats may be laid on m
one day : next soften and polish the work as before, and apply two or three layers of white lead,
ground in oil of walnuts and diluted in essence : lastly apply seven or eight coats of white spirit
of wine varnish, and then polish the whole.
PAINTING IN VAKNISH.
This is to employ colours ground and diluted in varnish, either in spirits of wine or oil, on all
sorts of materials. In this manner wainscoting, furniture, carriages, &c. are painted. To paint
apartments in this way, give two layers of fine whitening diluted in a strong size and boiling
hot: then fill up any holes or unevennesses of the wood with mastick in water, and when dry
smooth the layers with a pumice. When the wood is thus made even, suppose you were to paint
a grey colour, take one pound of white ceruse, one drachm of Prussian blue, or of charcoal or
ivory black ; put the white into a piece of leather so tied that the colour cannot escape, and shake
them till they are sufficiently mixed ; then put two ounces of colour into a quartern of varnish,
and when well mixed apply two coats over the white ground. This being dry, put one ounce
of colour into the same quantity of varnish and give another coat. Again, with half an ounce
of colour in the same quantity of varnish apply a third coat, As each of these dries it must be
carefully rubbed with a piece of coarse new cloth, but so as not to injure the surface of the
colour. These three layers may be applied in one day, and if a still greater lustre is wanted, a
fourth