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Elssner, Karl; International Congress for Art Education, Drawing and Art Applied to Industries <4, 1912, Dresden> [Editor]
Vierter Internationaler Kongress für Kunstunterricht Zeichnen und angewandte Kunst: Dresden 1912; Führer durch die Ausstellung, 4. - 25. August — Dresden, 1912

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https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.32795#0564
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VEREINIGTE STAATEN VON AMERIKA C22

extended to incdude the training of teachers of art, language and the history,
psychology and pedagogy of art are included.
Drawing divides itself under three heads,- form study, perspective, and
orthographic projection.
Form study is conducted hy the use of balanced or symmetrical objects
and plaster casts. By these means the presentment of objects in the round is
sought through outline, light and shade and light and dark. Alter the second
year life drawing takes the place of drawing from inanimate objects.
Perspective is studied by means of type solids and household objects.
Alter the first year the larger aspect of nature, landscape, houses, streets, etc.
are the subject of study.
Orthographic projection is begun in the drawing from measurements and
to scale, of simple objects of furniture. Original designingofconstructive artic-
les follows,- during the second year type solids are projected, intersected, sec-
tioned and developed in surfaces. The theory of linear perspective is briefly
entered upon.
The study of color begins with the painting of plants and flowers in water
color. These studies are rendered without background,- drawing and arrange-
ment are given equal importance in the exercises. During the second and third
years flowers and still life are studied with regard to complete pictorial express
sion. Landscape is touAed upon.
During the fourth year the same course is pursued with oil colors.
The study of design begins in observation of and practice in space arrange-
ment, the balancing of units and their orderly spacing in sequence. Application
to some desired end is insisted upon from the earliest practicable moment. Du-
ring the secont year pure design is studied by means of light and dark and color.
Throughout the third and fourth years practical design is followed with reference
to te&nica! finish and its availability in the industries of the locality.
Composition is an extension of design having special application to picto-
rial expression. The work is done by the students outside the class. One hour
eadi week is given during the entire course, in which compositions are construe^
tively criticized. Imagination and independence are especially cultivated by
the work.
Parallel with design is conducted a seardiing study of natural forms. His-
toric ornament is referred to for its critical value, but is not at any time copied
or paraphredas.

AMERIKA

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