24
REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.
" truly beautiful of speech," (cf. the synonymous
epithet T *"="~ ft cs % ^A ~w™ ^> ^
0 <^> U -if 2i' www ^ "i ^ \
«^r medu en un-maa \_nfr mdw n wn-ml*\ bestowec
on the Eloquent Peasant (sekhti [$}tj]) under King
Neb-ka of the Illrd Dynasty, in the well-known
story. L.,Z\, VI.,io8, 75).
(2) I 0^ "*°^ senezem zed (sndm dd) " delighting
by saying," an epithet that would agree well with
the preceding. The indistinct sign, which is pre-
sumably crsa d, was actually so read by Mr. Garstang
in his first hand-copy.
(3) J- V renu i.rnw) " teacher," see above
/vww\ T //
KI.3A.
The three epithets are perhaps to be read in this
order, 3, 1, 2, and to be connected together, thus :—
"A teacher, beautiful of speech and delighting by
saying."
K 1. 14. Official seal with the Horus-name of
King Zoser repeated three times. Between, and in
the contrary direction, are the following: —
(1) The incomprehensible titles ^^ v ^ppp-J-
en seshem upt......ny?(n sim wpt......nj ?). The sign
1 , which here as well as in the next column con-
cludes the titles, might be the name of the office-
bearer, were it found on any other official sealings
(see above, p. ).
(2) The words " setep-sa (dtp-si) "to make the
body-guard," viz., of the king (see R. T., II., Pl.
XXIII., 198), ^ zed (dd) "to say," ° ra-neb
(r<--nb) "every day," and the sign 1 . How these
words are to be connected is not clear, but the
general sense must be something like: " He who
makes the body-guard of the king every day " (see
setep-ef sa er seteny ra neb \itp-f-sl r itnj r< nh\ in an
Old Kingdom inscription. Brugsch, Thes., VI.,
1210).
K 1. 15. A sealing almost destroyed, only the
first word \|T*j) nezem (ndm) "pleasant," being
legible; behind it, perhaps the enclosure of a vine-
yard or place-name.
57. Pl. XIX. Sealings from tomb K 2.
K2. 1-10. Fragmentary sealings from one or two
official seals. The inscriptions give a Horus-name
hitherto unknown, enclosed in the usual frame •
fig. 5 is a restoration from various fragments. The
name itself consists of three signs, the last two
/WW\A
being clearly , nekkt (nht) " strong," written
without the phonetic complements ® <=> khet (lyt).
This archaic writing occurs sometimes in the in-
scriptions of the Old Kingdom, see L , D., II., 62,
71a; Berlin 7722; Brugsch, Thes., 1470 [in the
title nekht-kheru (nht-fyrw)] ; Mar., Mast., 366 [in
the name Nekht-sa-es (Nht-s,'-sJ]. The first sign pre-
ceding the word nekht (nJ}t) is read by Mr. Garstang,
and by other scholars as he informs me, as the
hieroglyph y hen (Jin). I, however, cannot assent to
this view. The shape of the sign does not agree
with that of y hen (Jin), and, moreover, the top of
the sign is distinctly an open loop, while V hen (hn),
which is probably a mallet, is always solid. Hence
the sign cannot be y hen (hn), but rather the hiero-
glyph V sa (j;), the archaic form of which it resembles
closely (see Pl. XXVIII., 14; Griffith in Davies'
Ptah-hetep, I., Pl. XVI., 353. Cf. ib. 362, y hen
[A«]). Other royal names written with this sign are,
(1) the personal name of King Merenra, Mentu-em-
sa-ef (Mntw(l)-m-s;-/), and (2) the name of a king
of the Old Kingdom, (J^J|]| Nefer-sa-Hor (Nfr-
s'-Hr), correctly read by Deveria (Petrie, History,
I., 106; Mar., Pap. de Boul., I., 39). The Horus-
name in the present inscription must therefore
certainly be read Sa-nekht (s>'-nht), meaning " strong
protection." (Compare the Old Kingdom personal
name
(1
or
1 Nekht-sa-es [Mit-sl-it]
let's] protection," Mar.,
" strong is her [i.e. the mot
Mast., 366.)
The question now arises as to which King of the
later lists of Kings does this Horus-name belong.
In fragment 7 it appears to be faced by a royal
cartouche. Now this cartouche was not used before
the Illrd Dynasty; the personal name of King Kha-
sekhemui, presumably the immediate predecessor of
King Zoser, is not enclosed in any such cartouche
(see above, K 1). Hence the King of the Horus-
name Sa-nekht (S,'-nht), which is here the name of
the living King, cannot be earlier than the Illrd
Dynasty, and is probably later than King Zoser.
All the other tombs of Bet Khallaf are of the reign
of King Zoser, whose name occurs also on the sealing
t> •„, a nam
prsonal
„tioendi
heb-ka(A
c50and
r\
to, ™ «
U
'V, to 1
The
REMARKS ON THE INSCRIPTIONS.
" truly beautiful of speech," (cf. the synonymous
epithet T *"="~ ft cs % ^A ~w™ ^> ^
0 <^> U -if 2i' www ^ "i ^ \
«^r medu en un-maa \_nfr mdw n wn-ml*\ bestowec
on the Eloquent Peasant (sekhti [$}tj]) under King
Neb-ka of the Illrd Dynasty, in the well-known
story. L.,Z\, VI.,io8, 75).
(2) I 0^ "*°^ senezem zed (sndm dd) " delighting
by saying," an epithet that would agree well with
the preceding. The indistinct sign, which is pre-
sumably crsa d, was actually so read by Mr. Garstang
in his first hand-copy.
(3) J- V renu i.rnw) " teacher," see above
/vww\ T //
KI.3A.
The three epithets are perhaps to be read in this
order, 3, 1, 2, and to be connected together, thus :—
"A teacher, beautiful of speech and delighting by
saying."
K 1. 14. Official seal with the Horus-name of
King Zoser repeated three times. Between, and in
the contrary direction, are the following: —
(1) The incomprehensible titles ^^ v ^ppp-J-
en seshem upt......ny?(n sim wpt......nj ?). The sign
1 , which here as well as in the next column con-
cludes the titles, might be the name of the office-
bearer, were it found on any other official sealings
(see above, p. ).
(2) The words " setep-sa (dtp-si) "to make the
body-guard," viz., of the king (see R. T., II., Pl.
XXIII., 198), ^ zed (dd) "to say," ° ra-neb
(r<--nb) "every day," and the sign 1 . How these
words are to be connected is not clear, but the
general sense must be something like: " He who
makes the body-guard of the king every day " (see
setep-ef sa er seteny ra neb \itp-f-sl r itnj r< nh\ in an
Old Kingdom inscription. Brugsch, Thes., VI.,
1210).
K 1. 15. A sealing almost destroyed, only the
first word \|T*j) nezem (ndm) "pleasant," being
legible; behind it, perhaps the enclosure of a vine-
yard or place-name.
57. Pl. XIX. Sealings from tomb K 2.
K2. 1-10. Fragmentary sealings from one or two
official seals. The inscriptions give a Horus-name
hitherto unknown, enclosed in the usual frame •
fig. 5 is a restoration from various fragments. The
name itself consists of three signs, the last two
/WW\A
being clearly , nekkt (nht) " strong," written
without the phonetic complements ® <=> khet (lyt).
This archaic writing occurs sometimes in the in-
scriptions of the Old Kingdom, see L , D., II., 62,
71a; Berlin 7722; Brugsch, Thes., 1470 [in the
title nekht-kheru (nht-fyrw)] ; Mar., Mast., 366 [in
the name Nekht-sa-es (Nht-s,'-sJ]. The first sign pre-
ceding the word nekht (nJ}t) is read by Mr. Garstang,
and by other scholars as he informs me, as the
hieroglyph y hen (Jin). I, however, cannot assent to
this view. The shape of the sign does not agree
with that of y hen (Jin), and, moreover, the top of
the sign is distinctly an open loop, while V hen (hn),
which is probably a mallet, is always solid. Hence
the sign cannot be y hen (hn), but rather the hiero-
glyph V sa (j;), the archaic form of which it resembles
closely (see Pl. XXVIII., 14; Griffith in Davies'
Ptah-hetep, I., Pl. XVI., 353. Cf. ib. 362, y hen
[A«]). Other royal names written with this sign are,
(1) the personal name of King Merenra, Mentu-em-
sa-ef (Mntw(l)-m-s;-/), and (2) the name of a king
of the Old Kingdom, (J^J|]| Nefer-sa-Hor (Nfr-
s'-Hr), correctly read by Deveria (Petrie, History,
I., 106; Mar., Pap. de Boul., I., 39). The Horus-
name in the present inscription must therefore
certainly be read Sa-nekht (s>'-nht), meaning " strong
protection." (Compare the Old Kingdom personal
name
(1
or
1 Nekht-sa-es [Mit-sl-it]
let's] protection," Mar.,
" strong is her [i.e. the mot
Mast., 366.)
The question now arises as to which King of the
later lists of Kings does this Horus-name belong.
In fragment 7 it appears to be faced by a royal
cartouche. Now this cartouche was not used before
the Illrd Dynasty; the personal name of King Kha-
sekhemui, presumably the immediate predecessor of
King Zoser, is not enclosed in any such cartouche
(see above, K 1). Hence the King of the Horus-
name Sa-nekht (S,'-nht), which is here the name of
the living King, cannot be earlier than the Illrd
Dynasty, and is probably later than King Zoser.
All the other tombs of Bet Khallaf are of the reign
of King Zoser, whose name occurs also on the sealing
t> •„, a nam
prsonal
„tioendi
heb-ka(A
c50and
r\
to, ™ «
U
'V, to 1
The