DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.16205#0052
POTTERY: TOWN STYLE
Some of the shapes of vases shown on Plate VII were taken over from the stock in trade of Middle
Minoan potters, e. g., stout jugs and an amphora with small handles close to the body (Nos. 2, 22, 23;
cf. PI. VI, 15, 26); others are modifications of early types,e.g., side-spouted jars (Nos. 6, 7, 14; cf. Pis.
II 48, VI, 16, 17, XII 11), and a small side-spouted vase (No. 17) that belongs to a large class of which
'duck vases,' primitive askoi, and biigelkannen are more important members. On the other hand,
certain shapes are typical of our Town Period and do not appear to have been older, e.g., fully devel-
oped biigelkannen, conical and bottle-shaped rhytons, 'urn-strainers,' and bulb-shaped vases, very like
vases of Egyptian faience which are supposed to have held ointment. The biigelkannen 18 and 24
have two characteristics in common, which mark them as early specimens of that type of vase, namely,
the small size of handles and spout in proportion to body, and the presence of three handles instead
of only two, the usual number for 'Mycenaean' stirrup-jugs (see PI. X); otherwise they represent ex-
tremes of form, one low and spreading, the other tall and barrel-shaped. No. 24 is unusually large for a
biigelkanne, and reminds one of jugs which water vendors carry on their backs to-day in the streets of
Cairo, bending skilfully to let the water stream forth from a long brass nozzle placed in the side spout.
Another uncommon feature of this biigelkanne is its plant decoration; more frequently the subject is
marine, of which we have a magnificent example (Plate H), or, in later times, conventional (see Plate
X). The rhytons all end in a hole at the bottom and no satisfactory explanation of their use has yet
been offered; but in view of the prominence given to them in wall-paintings at Knossos and Thebes,
where metal vessels of the conical type are borne in procession, and having regard to their generally rich
decoration, we may safely admit the likelihood that they played a part in important functions, probably
religious. To all the usual interpretations as "strainers," "drinking-horns," or "fillers," one or an-
other of the prehistoric types of rhytons from Gournia opposes valid objection, and we fall back on the
suggestion of Dr. Hazzidakis, that they were used for some purpose like that of sprinkling holy water
The vases illustrated on Plate VII are so variously colored that, to understand them, one will need to consult all the Color
Plates, except A, B. The first numbers on Plate Vll and No. 22 are in the style of D, E; VII 11 =G2and No. 23 has the
same coloring; Vll 18 resembles H; VII 21 is like J, and 24 is like I 2; VII 2"]—F and the other vases from Cm (25-41)
show the same rich lints, except 37, which is like C 4. The red pigment of Nos. 25, 33, 41 is given on Plate K. All shades of
red when independent, and not accidental variations from Hack, are represented conventionally by oblique hatching.
1 Conical rhyton of early shape. Handle was attached at both ends to rim. Buff clay; black-red paint, traces of white
on bands. Bands and spirals freely drawn. H. c. 24.6 cm. Rim D. 12 cm.
2 Schnabelkanne. Fold of clay around rim. Medium, p.-buff clay, black-red paint with white accessory. Two tech-
niques. ' Ripple' pattern and sinuous lines in dark paint on light ground; spirals, dotted festoons, conventionalized
leaf and tendril design in white on dark bands, white stripes on handles. H. 26 cm. From D 30. Reg. No. 3612.
3 Small jug. P.-buff clay, low lustre; black paint in bands and seed (?) pattern. 0.5.7 cm. From A 40. Reg. No. 3615.
4 Small oenochoe. Dusty p.-buff clay; black paint. 4 spirals freely drawn. H. 7.7 cm. From A 40. Reg. No. 2791.
5 Squat jug; slight spout. 5 grooves around neck. Bl.-brown paint; 6 spirals. H. 9.1 cm. From D 30. Reg. No. 3614.
6 Hole-mouthed jar, bridge-spout, two side handles (broken); derived from an E.M. shape (PL XII 11). Fine buff clay
with warm tints, smooth surface; black-brown paint. Four black-eyed spirals. H. 10.4 cm. Reg. No. 3616.
7 Cylindrical jar with tubular spout, one vert, and two horiz. handles; boss on either side of vertical handle and below
spout. Coarse yellowish-pink clay, slight lustre; black-red paint. Black-eyed spirals with field ornament of
brush-strokes, which easily become leaves; free festoon on shoulder. H. 17.6 cm.
8 Cup (restored). Medium buff clay; black-red paint. Rosettes in narrow zone. H. 9.5 cm. Reg. No. 2806.
9 Fragment of cup. Medium buff clay; black-brown paint. Bands and feather-like brush-strokes. H. 10.5 cm.
10 Dainty, bulb-shaped vase. Detached flowers and narr6w bands; black on buff. H. 4.7 cm. From Fg. Reg. No. 1885.
11 = PI. G 2, described on p. 60. Jar without handle (restored); charming plant design. H. 10.1cm. Reg. No. 1910.
12 Cup without handle. P.-buff clay, lustrous; red-brown paint. Choice design of three grasses, perfectly disposed in
the field. Base- and rim-bands; paint covers inside. H. 6 cm. Reg. No. 1926. (Exact duplicate at Knossos.)
13 Round box with raised rim and two handles perforated vertically. Fine gray clay; brownish red paint. Detached flowers
and band carelessly executed. H. 8.4 cm. From G 14. Reg. No. 1908.
14 Small cylindrical jar with bridge-spout and clay pellet opposite on rim. Medium buff clay; black-red paint. Bands,
dots, and berry design. H. 8.5 cm. From Hill House 12. Reg. No. 2815.
15 Bulb-shaped vase. Gray clay; black paint, imitating veins of stone. H. (inc.) 9.4 cm. From A 23. Reg. No. 1882.
16 Handleless cup (restored); low lustre. Bl.-red paint; narrow bands and dots; paint covers inside. H.7cm. Reg.No.3611.
17 Small, wide-mouthed jug with tubular side-spout at right-angles to vertical handle. Gray clay; black bands and fern.
H. 6 cm. From A 16. Reg. No. 1866.
18 Biigelkanne, oblate spheroid; three handles, flaring spout. Fine p.-buff clay, smooth, slightly lustrous; paint black,
shading to brown and red. Bands, rows of dots. Four medallions with detached curls in field; stripes on
handles. Double criss-cross on top of false spout. H. 23.5 cm. From D 11.
19 Bowl decorated on inside. Buff clay; bl.-red waves and rim-band. H. 7.2 cm. Rim D. 13 cm. Base D. 6.5 cm. From D 29.
20 Large cup (broken). Inside decoration: 3 concentric circles, 2 rows of small waves. H.8.5cm. BaseD.7cm. From D 11.
21 'Urn-strainer,' type of PI. II 21; thirty-six holes at waist. Bright pink clay; black-red paint. Bands and a row of
brush-strokes; six double-axes erect on leafy posts with knob tops, five crescents in field; white used on dark paint
to outline and dot axes, in lattice pattern on handles, and in bands on bands. H. 15.3 cm. From D 24. Reg. No. 3398.
22 Amphora. Pale yellow clay; black paint. Bands, stripes on handles, 3-lobed pendant design on front and back and below
handles. H.24CIT1. FromC24. Reg. No.2778. (Samedesign on a jug, Reg.No. 3004, and 2 cups from Aghia Triadha.)
23 Wide-mouthed schnabelkanne with short neck. P.-buff clay, lustrous; red paint. Bands, free spiral with double stem;
white dots and stripes on neck- and rim-bands, a white streak on bands below spirals. H. 26.3 cm. From C 65.
24 Large biigelkanne, ovoid; 3 handles. 2 small holes in top of false spout, 2'horns'on rim of true spout. Firm red clay,
light yellow slip, lustrous; black-red paint. Bands, dots, 20growing plants, each with 3 pairs of opposite leaves; on
top of closed spout a criss-cross, originally white. H. 42 cm. From passage between Ab and Ac. Reg. No. 1823.
in the modern church. Several shapes on Plate VII occur only once at Gournia; these are the triple
trick-cup (No. 34), the 'pilgrim bottle' (No. 36), and the double-rimmed jug (No. 37), which is distinctly
superior in shape and finish to two similar jugs found at Phylakopi in Melos.
Two tendencies were at work in the decoration of the vases on Plate VII: one aimed at imitating
nature in the new spirit, the other was purely decorative, making use of many patterns which had first
been invented in the light-on-dark technique. Several designs which appear to be of marine origin com-
bine the two tendencies in equal measure, e. g., curiously curved lines that suggest the inner markings of
a shell or the lines left on a beach by the receding sea (Nos. 2, 27); a composition of rings and dots
typifying with moderate success the texture of a sponge (No. 40); a series of waves freely executed
(Nos. 19, 20). Mention must be made of a vase (No. 21) which bears a peculiarly significant design—
a row of double-axes (see pp. 13, 53) mounted on leafy posts, with crescents in the field between them.
If this strainer be compared with one similarly decorated from Zakro Town, its sturdier shape and
fresher treatment of design mark the Gournia vase as earlier; a lavish use of white as accessory and the
position of finding lead us to assign it to the beginning of our Town Period.
In conclusion, we may affirm that certain questions are answered by the data here presented.
The biigelkanne is found to have been not a 'late Mycenaean' product, as was once supposed, but as early
as the pottery of Thera with which our No. 24 agrees. Types of rhytons which, if discovered apart,
might have been described as marking stages of development, were unearthed in one deposit, proving
that they flourished side by side. All-over decoration appears on vases which show a decided advance
upon some pottery decorated in zones, making it unsafe to regard the method of spacing in zones as
of more recent date than the other; zone decoration was, in fact, a feature of Middle Minoan light-on-
dark wares and was handed over to the triumphing dark-on-light style to be used concurrently with
the all-over decoration, which was the latter's birthright.
25 Conical rhyton; flat, projecting rim; almost straight sides. Fine p.-buff clay, low lustre. Black paint, shading through
blue tints to red, and a chalky crimson pigment. Black and crimson bands, three rows of spirals; spirals curiously
crowded below handle. Waves on rim; while stripes on handle. Intact. H. 36.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2827.
26 Same type. 2 grooves in handle; clay pellet (imitating rivet) on rim. P.-buff clay; black paint. Bands, fern-spray,
open spirals. 2 rows of rosette-spirals; white dots on bands. Intact. H. 30.4 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2830.
27 = PI. F, described on p. 60. Rhyton; flower-spiral, shell, and crocus designs. H.27CITI. From C 58. Reg.No.2832.
28 Shape like No. 1; inner edge of rim raised. Grayish-buff clay; orange and black bands, black ' ripple '; no white. H. 25
cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2834.
29 Like No. 26. Fern spray; 'spirals' formed of concentric circles with rosette of white dots on each centre. White dots
on bands; black dots on handle. H.28cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2833.
30 Like preceding. White volute design on broad band dividing'spirals'; no white dots on centres of'spirals.' Three
small waves and a shell-like design fill space below handle. H. 27 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2831.
31 Like No. 26, but sides curved slightly. P.-buff clay, low lustre; red-brown paint. Growing plants, spirals like No. 29,
white brush-strokes on bands and on flat rim. H.31CIT1. From C 58. Reg. No. 2829.
32 Same type; an elongated cone. P.-buff clay, warm brown surface; very rich red paint with darker shades, combining
designs of No. 26 and No. 29. Rim decorated like No. 25, but with base of pattern on outer edge. Lattice on
handle, white stripes on top of handle. H. 32.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2828.
33 Round box with raised rim, 2 handles and 3 spiral legs; convex cover. P.-yellow clay; buff slip, lustrous. Box deco-
rated in black-brown paint; bands, spirals, degraded fern-spray, stripes on handles. Cover decorated in black paint
and red pigment; bands and dots; faint traces of white. Base D. of box 9.3 cm. From C 55. Reg. No. 2782.
34 Triple 'trick-cup'; cup a (right hand) is smaller than the others, has concave sides, 4 grooves around base, a false
bottom on level with the lower points of 5 triangular holes in sides of cup, and a small hole in real bottom; cups b
and c are shaped like hole-mouthed jars (cf. No. 6), have bosses on their rims and horizontal handles (broken);
a large loop-handle rises between them and there are stumps of 1 or 2 similar handles. Clay is pressed down
between the upper parts of the cups uniting all three, and they are connected at the base by a hollow ring, which
opens into b, c, and into a beneath the false bottom. The cups could never be filled, because liquid poured intoi
or c would run out of the small hole in the real bottom of a and liquid poured into a would immediately pass out
through the triangular holes in its sides. P.-yellow clay, lustrous buff slip; bl.-red paint in bands, spirals, and 'rip-
ple.'a: H. 8.2 cm. Rim D. 10 cm. b: H. 9.2 cm. Rim D. 6.5 cm. c: H. 8.9cm. Rim D. 6.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2767.
35 Spherical ' bottle-rhyton' with flat rim, neck-ridge, and slight knob with hole at bottom. P.-buff clay; warm red paint
with darker shades. Solid circle of color around hole; a broad band around middle; narrower bands edging ' ripple '
design; solid color over neck and rim. Intact. H. 16.8 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2839.
36 ' Pilgrim-bottle' amphora, with ' Kamares ' mouth; flask-shaped with round base-ring. Fine p.-yellow clay; black body-
paint shading to red. White spiral unwinding from centre on both sides; traces of white on neck and handles.
H. 19 cm. Gt. D. 14.4 cm. Gt.Th.97cm. Base-ring D. 5.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2780.
37 Pseudo-metal jar, long-necked, two-lipped; high handle with strong midrib, ridge at base of neck, and base-ring.
Medium brown clay. Lustrous black paint, over-baked to red in greater part. Eight gashes across end of handle
where continued down side of vase. H. to top of handle, 28 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2776.
38 'Bottle-rhyton' with hole in pointed base; neck-ridge. P.-buff clay, warm brown surface; very rich red paint with darker
shades. Bands, dots, con v. fern-spray; 4 spirals like No. 29. H. 18.4 cm. (as restored). From C 58. Reg. No. 2838.
39 Type of 38; intact except base. Light buff clay; bright red paint with darker shades. Bands, plant design, open
spirals like No. 30. White dots on band below neck-ridge. H. 22.4 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2836.
40 Type of 38. 5 circular grooves on top of flat rim. P.-buff clay; black paint, shading to warm brown. Sponge pat-
tern, bands and dots; white dots on dark bands around shoulder. H. 21.8 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2837.
41 Oenochoe. Metal tradition shown in shape of handle and manner of its attachment; also in neck-ridge and a groove
on upper surface of foot. Coarse pink clay, lustrous buff slip; paint black and red in alternate bands. Black
spirals like No. 7; white stripes across handle and zigzag on band above spirals; white streaks on other bands and
neck. H. 19.6 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2773.
40
Some of the shapes of vases shown on Plate VII were taken over from the stock in trade of Middle
Minoan potters, e. g., stout jugs and an amphora with small handles close to the body (Nos. 2, 22, 23;
cf. PI. VI, 15, 26); others are modifications of early types,e.g., side-spouted jars (Nos. 6, 7, 14; cf. Pis.
II 48, VI, 16, 17, XII 11), and a small side-spouted vase (No. 17) that belongs to a large class of which
'duck vases,' primitive askoi, and biigelkannen are more important members. On the other hand,
certain shapes are typical of our Town Period and do not appear to have been older, e.g., fully devel-
oped biigelkannen, conical and bottle-shaped rhytons, 'urn-strainers,' and bulb-shaped vases, very like
vases of Egyptian faience which are supposed to have held ointment. The biigelkannen 18 and 24
have two characteristics in common, which mark them as early specimens of that type of vase, namely,
the small size of handles and spout in proportion to body, and the presence of three handles instead
of only two, the usual number for 'Mycenaean' stirrup-jugs (see PI. X); otherwise they represent ex-
tremes of form, one low and spreading, the other tall and barrel-shaped. No. 24 is unusually large for a
biigelkanne, and reminds one of jugs which water vendors carry on their backs to-day in the streets of
Cairo, bending skilfully to let the water stream forth from a long brass nozzle placed in the side spout.
Another uncommon feature of this biigelkanne is its plant decoration; more frequently the subject is
marine, of which we have a magnificent example (Plate H), or, in later times, conventional (see Plate
X). The rhytons all end in a hole at the bottom and no satisfactory explanation of their use has yet
been offered; but in view of the prominence given to them in wall-paintings at Knossos and Thebes,
where metal vessels of the conical type are borne in procession, and having regard to their generally rich
decoration, we may safely admit the likelihood that they played a part in important functions, probably
religious. To all the usual interpretations as "strainers," "drinking-horns," or "fillers," one or an-
other of the prehistoric types of rhytons from Gournia opposes valid objection, and we fall back on the
suggestion of Dr. Hazzidakis, that they were used for some purpose like that of sprinkling holy water
The vases illustrated on Plate VII are so variously colored that, to understand them, one will need to consult all the Color
Plates, except A, B. The first numbers on Plate Vll and No. 22 are in the style of D, E; VII 11 =G2and No. 23 has the
same coloring; Vll 18 resembles H; VII 21 is like J, and 24 is like I 2; VII 2"]—F and the other vases from Cm (25-41)
show the same rich lints, except 37, which is like C 4. The red pigment of Nos. 25, 33, 41 is given on Plate K. All shades of
red when independent, and not accidental variations from Hack, are represented conventionally by oblique hatching.
1 Conical rhyton of early shape. Handle was attached at both ends to rim. Buff clay; black-red paint, traces of white
on bands. Bands and spirals freely drawn. H. c. 24.6 cm. Rim D. 12 cm.
2 Schnabelkanne. Fold of clay around rim. Medium, p.-buff clay, black-red paint with white accessory. Two tech-
niques. ' Ripple' pattern and sinuous lines in dark paint on light ground; spirals, dotted festoons, conventionalized
leaf and tendril design in white on dark bands, white stripes on handles. H. 26 cm. From D 30. Reg. No. 3612.
3 Small jug. P.-buff clay, low lustre; black paint in bands and seed (?) pattern. 0.5.7 cm. From A 40. Reg. No. 3615.
4 Small oenochoe. Dusty p.-buff clay; black paint. 4 spirals freely drawn. H. 7.7 cm. From A 40. Reg. No. 2791.
5 Squat jug; slight spout. 5 grooves around neck. Bl.-brown paint; 6 spirals. H. 9.1 cm. From D 30. Reg. No. 3614.
6 Hole-mouthed jar, bridge-spout, two side handles (broken); derived from an E.M. shape (PL XII 11). Fine buff clay
with warm tints, smooth surface; black-brown paint. Four black-eyed spirals. H. 10.4 cm. Reg. No. 3616.
7 Cylindrical jar with tubular spout, one vert, and two horiz. handles; boss on either side of vertical handle and below
spout. Coarse yellowish-pink clay, slight lustre; black-red paint. Black-eyed spirals with field ornament of
brush-strokes, which easily become leaves; free festoon on shoulder. H. 17.6 cm.
8 Cup (restored). Medium buff clay; black-red paint. Rosettes in narrow zone. H. 9.5 cm. Reg. No. 2806.
9 Fragment of cup. Medium buff clay; black-brown paint. Bands and feather-like brush-strokes. H. 10.5 cm.
10 Dainty, bulb-shaped vase. Detached flowers and narr6w bands; black on buff. H. 4.7 cm. From Fg. Reg. No. 1885.
11 = PI. G 2, described on p. 60. Jar without handle (restored); charming plant design. H. 10.1cm. Reg. No. 1910.
12 Cup without handle. P.-buff clay, lustrous; red-brown paint. Choice design of three grasses, perfectly disposed in
the field. Base- and rim-bands; paint covers inside. H. 6 cm. Reg. No. 1926. (Exact duplicate at Knossos.)
13 Round box with raised rim and two handles perforated vertically. Fine gray clay; brownish red paint. Detached flowers
and band carelessly executed. H. 8.4 cm. From G 14. Reg. No. 1908.
14 Small cylindrical jar with bridge-spout and clay pellet opposite on rim. Medium buff clay; black-red paint. Bands,
dots, and berry design. H. 8.5 cm. From Hill House 12. Reg. No. 2815.
15 Bulb-shaped vase. Gray clay; black paint, imitating veins of stone. H. (inc.) 9.4 cm. From A 23. Reg. No. 1882.
16 Handleless cup (restored); low lustre. Bl.-red paint; narrow bands and dots; paint covers inside. H.7cm. Reg.No.3611.
17 Small, wide-mouthed jug with tubular side-spout at right-angles to vertical handle. Gray clay; black bands and fern.
H. 6 cm. From A 16. Reg. No. 1866.
18 Biigelkanne, oblate spheroid; three handles, flaring spout. Fine p.-buff clay, smooth, slightly lustrous; paint black,
shading to brown and red. Bands, rows of dots. Four medallions with detached curls in field; stripes on
handles. Double criss-cross on top of false spout. H. 23.5 cm. From D 11.
19 Bowl decorated on inside. Buff clay; bl.-red waves and rim-band. H. 7.2 cm. Rim D. 13 cm. Base D. 6.5 cm. From D 29.
20 Large cup (broken). Inside decoration: 3 concentric circles, 2 rows of small waves. H.8.5cm. BaseD.7cm. From D 11.
21 'Urn-strainer,' type of PI. II 21; thirty-six holes at waist. Bright pink clay; black-red paint. Bands and a row of
brush-strokes; six double-axes erect on leafy posts with knob tops, five crescents in field; white used on dark paint
to outline and dot axes, in lattice pattern on handles, and in bands on bands. H. 15.3 cm. From D 24. Reg. No. 3398.
22 Amphora. Pale yellow clay; black paint. Bands, stripes on handles, 3-lobed pendant design on front and back and below
handles. H.24CIT1. FromC24. Reg. No.2778. (Samedesign on a jug, Reg.No. 3004, and 2 cups from Aghia Triadha.)
23 Wide-mouthed schnabelkanne with short neck. P.-buff clay, lustrous; red paint. Bands, free spiral with double stem;
white dots and stripes on neck- and rim-bands, a white streak on bands below spirals. H. 26.3 cm. From C 65.
24 Large biigelkanne, ovoid; 3 handles. 2 small holes in top of false spout, 2'horns'on rim of true spout. Firm red clay,
light yellow slip, lustrous; black-red paint. Bands, dots, 20growing plants, each with 3 pairs of opposite leaves; on
top of closed spout a criss-cross, originally white. H. 42 cm. From passage between Ab and Ac. Reg. No. 1823.
in the modern church. Several shapes on Plate VII occur only once at Gournia; these are the triple
trick-cup (No. 34), the 'pilgrim bottle' (No. 36), and the double-rimmed jug (No. 37), which is distinctly
superior in shape and finish to two similar jugs found at Phylakopi in Melos.
Two tendencies were at work in the decoration of the vases on Plate VII: one aimed at imitating
nature in the new spirit, the other was purely decorative, making use of many patterns which had first
been invented in the light-on-dark technique. Several designs which appear to be of marine origin com-
bine the two tendencies in equal measure, e. g., curiously curved lines that suggest the inner markings of
a shell or the lines left on a beach by the receding sea (Nos. 2, 27); a composition of rings and dots
typifying with moderate success the texture of a sponge (No. 40); a series of waves freely executed
(Nos. 19, 20). Mention must be made of a vase (No. 21) which bears a peculiarly significant design—
a row of double-axes (see pp. 13, 53) mounted on leafy posts, with crescents in the field between them.
If this strainer be compared with one similarly decorated from Zakro Town, its sturdier shape and
fresher treatment of design mark the Gournia vase as earlier; a lavish use of white as accessory and the
position of finding lead us to assign it to the beginning of our Town Period.
In conclusion, we may affirm that certain questions are answered by the data here presented.
The biigelkanne is found to have been not a 'late Mycenaean' product, as was once supposed, but as early
as the pottery of Thera with which our No. 24 agrees. Types of rhytons which, if discovered apart,
might have been described as marking stages of development, were unearthed in one deposit, proving
that they flourished side by side. All-over decoration appears on vases which show a decided advance
upon some pottery decorated in zones, making it unsafe to regard the method of spacing in zones as
of more recent date than the other; zone decoration was, in fact, a feature of Middle Minoan light-on-
dark wares and was handed over to the triumphing dark-on-light style to be used concurrently with
the all-over decoration, which was the latter's birthright.
25 Conical rhyton; flat, projecting rim; almost straight sides. Fine p.-buff clay, low lustre. Black paint, shading through
blue tints to red, and a chalky crimson pigment. Black and crimson bands, three rows of spirals; spirals curiously
crowded below handle. Waves on rim; while stripes on handle. Intact. H. 36.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2827.
26 Same type. 2 grooves in handle; clay pellet (imitating rivet) on rim. P.-buff clay; black paint. Bands, fern-spray,
open spirals. 2 rows of rosette-spirals; white dots on bands. Intact. H. 30.4 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2830.
27 = PI. F, described on p. 60. Rhyton; flower-spiral, shell, and crocus designs. H.27CITI. From C 58. Reg.No.2832.
28 Shape like No. 1; inner edge of rim raised. Grayish-buff clay; orange and black bands, black ' ripple '; no white. H. 25
cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2834.
29 Like No. 26. Fern spray; 'spirals' formed of concentric circles with rosette of white dots on each centre. White dots
on bands; black dots on handle. H.28cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2833.
30 Like preceding. White volute design on broad band dividing'spirals'; no white dots on centres of'spirals.' Three
small waves and a shell-like design fill space below handle. H. 27 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2831.
31 Like No. 26, but sides curved slightly. P.-buff clay, low lustre; red-brown paint. Growing plants, spirals like No. 29,
white brush-strokes on bands and on flat rim. H.31CIT1. From C 58. Reg. No. 2829.
32 Same type; an elongated cone. P.-buff clay, warm brown surface; very rich red paint with darker shades, combining
designs of No. 26 and No. 29. Rim decorated like No. 25, but with base of pattern on outer edge. Lattice on
handle, white stripes on top of handle. H. 32.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2828.
33 Round box with raised rim, 2 handles and 3 spiral legs; convex cover. P.-yellow clay; buff slip, lustrous. Box deco-
rated in black-brown paint; bands, spirals, degraded fern-spray, stripes on handles. Cover decorated in black paint
and red pigment; bands and dots; faint traces of white. Base D. of box 9.3 cm. From C 55. Reg. No. 2782.
34 Triple 'trick-cup'; cup a (right hand) is smaller than the others, has concave sides, 4 grooves around base, a false
bottom on level with the lower points of 5 triangular holes in sides of cup, and a small hole in real bottom; cups b
and c are shaped like hole-mouthed jars (cf. No. 6), have bosses on their rims and horizontal handles (broken);
a large loop-handle rises between them and there are stumps of 1 or 2 similar handles. Clay is pressed down
between the upper parts of the cups uniting all three, and they are connected at the base by a hollow ring, which
opens into b, c, and into a beneath the false bottom. The cups could never be filled, because liquid poured intoi
or c would run out of the small hole in the real bottom of a and liquid poured into a would immediately pass out
through the triangular holes in its sides. P.-yellow clay, lustrous buff slip; bl.-red paint in bands, spirals, and 'rip-
ple.'a: H. 8.2 cm. Rim D. 10 cm. b: H. 9.2 cm. Rim D. 6.5 cm. c: H. 8.9cm. Rim D. 6.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2767.
35 Spherical ' bottle-rhyton' with flat rim, neck-ridge, and slight knob with hole at bottom. P.-buff clay; warm red paint
with darker shades. Solid circle of color around hole; a broad band around middle; narrower bands edging ' ripple '
design; solid color over neck and rim. Intact. H. 16.8 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2839.
36 ' Pilgrim-bottle' amphora, with ' Kamares ' mouth; flask-shaped with round base-ring. Fine p.-yellow clay; black body-
paint shading to red. White spiral unwinding from centre on both sides; traces of white on neck and handles.
H. 19 cm. Gt. D. 14.4 cm. Gt.Th.97cm. Base-ring D. 5.5 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2780.
37 Pseudo-metal jar, long-necked, two-lipped; high handle with strong midrib, ridge at base of neck, and base-ring.
Medium brown clay. Lustrous black paint, over-baked to red in greater part. Eight gashes across end of handle
where continued down side of vase. H. to top of handle, 28 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2776.
38 'Bottle-rhyton' with hole in pointed base; neck-ridge. P.-buff clay, warm brown surface; very rich red paint with darker
shades. Bands, dots, con v. fern-spray; 4 spirals like No. 29. H. 18.4 cm. (as restored). From C 58. Reg. No. 2838.
39 Type of 38; intact except base. Light buff clay; bright red paint with darker shades. Bands, plant design, open
spirals like No. 30. White dots on band below neck-ridge. H. 22.4 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2836.
40 Type of 38. 5 circular grooves on top of flat rim. P.-buff clay; black paint, shading to warm brown. Sponge pat-
tern, bands and dots; white dots on dark bands around shoulder. H. 21.8 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2837.
41 Oenochoe. Metal tradition shown in shape of handle and manner of its attachment; also in neck-ridge and a groove
on upper surface of foot. Coarse pink clay, lustrous buff slip; paint black and red in alternate bands. Black
spirals like No. 7; white stripes across handle and zigzag on band above spirals; white streaks on other bands and
neck. H. 19.6 cm. From C 58. Reg. No. 2773.
40