King, Georgiana Goddard: A brief account of the military orders in Spain (New York: The Hispanic Society of America, 1921)

172
MILITARY ORDERS
The Order
of Santiago
The two at
heart unlike
Alfonso
VII,
1126-1157
A very
ancient
brother-
hood
The history of the two great Orders of
Calatrava and Santiago is inextricably
intertwined, and like twin stars you
measure their rising and their setting
together. Beginning now with the Order
and Knighthood of S. James of the Sword,
which was organized under D. Pedro
Fernandez of Fuentencalada in 1170,
and sanctioned by a Bull of Alexander III
in 1175, it appears in all books of history
undistinguishable from the other except
by name and badge and details of the Rule.
Notwithstanding the difference is funda-
mental and very profound. The traditions
of the Order look back to an earlier date.
A confraternity of S. James at Leon claim-
ed the recognition of S. Isidore at the
camp before Baeza in the time of Alfonso
the Emperor, and for this Luke of Tuy
vouches. “Instituted in the kingdom of
Leon or Galicia about 1170,” says Rades y
Andrada, “but many years before there
was a Brotherhood of Knights of S. James
without form of Religion.” At the very
mention of this confraternity, historians
become uneasy: it seems possible that
HISPANIC NOTES