Leitner, Gottlieb W.; Ravenstein, Ernst Georg [Ill.]: The languages and races of Dardistan (Lahore, 1877)

( 21 )
DAKDU LANGUAGES.— Continued.

ENGLISH.

SHIIA.







OliilgMU.

Astori.

ARNYIA.

KHAJTJNA.

KALASHA.

They, (near) m.,

ni been,

ni been,







They, (far) f., ...

ra, „

Ja »







They, (near) £,...

na,

nyeea,







I iecame,

ma bigas

mus bilos,







Iliad hecome,* ...

ma btgasiis

mu bilalus,







I was becoming,...

ma bdmusus

mu bdmalus, ...







I am able to he-
come,

ma bold bom

mu bono bom, ...







I may hecome, ...

ma be bom

mu bey bom, ...







* This and the
following tenses
are explained fur-
ther on.

The Ghilghitis
use idiomatically
the verb " to go"
in phrases in
which we use "to
become."

The Astdris use
the simple verb
"to be" apparent-
ly oftener than
" to become."







TO BRING, ...
Bring thou,
Bringing,

aroki,
are,

areono, ...
are,

angiko,

ange,

angirii,

tsuh (?),
ditsu,

dnik.
dni.



areti, .........f.



Brought,

PBESEOT.

1 bring,
............... f., ...

are,
masarem,

muso arena,

angom,

ditzam,

a onim.

Thou,

...............i, ...

tus are,
areni,

tuso are,
„ aredni, ...

angos,



tu dni.

He, (far,)
He, (near,)
She, (far,)
She, (near,)

ros arey,
nus „
res arey,
nes „

jossearey,
nusse „
jesse arey,
nisse, arey

ang°y,



asso dneu.

We, ... in; £,...

You bring, m.,

bes aron,
tz6s areat,

bes aron,
tzds areat,

angdsi,
angdmi,



abi dnik.

tus tshiklt dua.

...............1, -.

tzas „

tzaese, „







They, m., (far;)...
(near,) ...

ris aren,
nis,

jesse aren,
nisse aren,

angdni,



eledrus onen.

U (far,) ...

ras,

jaese aron,







(near,) ...

uas,

nyaeese aren,

I cannot render
the sound of this
word. *' Niyeese " is
perhaps the way.

-

It is not impro-
bable that in Arnyia
the present is also
used for the future: