Leitner, Gottlieb W.; Ravenstein, Ernst Georg [Ill.]: The languages and races of Dardistan (Lahore, 1877)

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DARDU LANGUAGES.—Continued.)



S H I N A.

AENYIA.

KHAJUNA.



ENGLISH.





KALASHA.



GhilgMti.

Astori.







I AM BSmGIKG&C,
&C.

mas aremus, ...
mas aremis,
tus arcno,
tus areni,
ros areyen,
nus areyen,
res areyin,
nis areyin,
bes arones,
bes arones,
tzos areanct, ...
tzas areanct, ...
ris arenen,
nis arenen, ,..
ras arenen,
nas arenen,

mus aremus,
mus aremis, ...
tuso araon,
tuso araen,
josse arey,
nusse, „
jesse, „
nisse any,
besse aron,
besse aron,
tzosse areat, ...
tzasse „
jesse aren,
nisse aren,
jaese „
niyeese „





-

I Beottght,

mas aregas,

muso aras,

ganistam,

*ditzabain,

a onis.

„ f,

mass aregis, ...

muso ares,







Thou, m,

tus arega,

tuso ara,

ganista, ...



tu oni.

,. f,

tus areye,

„ are,







He (far) ...

ros aregu,

jdssc arau,

ganistai,



asso oneu.

He (near,) ...

nus, „

nusse „







She (far,) ...

res areyi,

jesse ari







(near,) ...

lies .,

nisse ,,







We m f, ...

bes areyes,

f bes ares m, ...
\ bese arees, f.}

ganistam,



abi dnimi.

You m,

tzos areyet,

tzas areyet,

ris areye,

nis,

ras areye,

nas areye,

tzos aret,
tzaese* aret, ...
jesse ariye,
nisse ariye, ...
jaese aren (?)
niyeese ariye,

ganistami,
ganistani,



tus tshikk dnili.

f,

They m. far,
„ (near,) ...
They f. far,

(near,) ...

* I could not make
out whether it was
the past or the pre-
sent which my infor-
mant used for the
future. After putt-
ing to him all sorts of
sentences I thought
that he used the pre-
sent also as a future
and the past as a con-
ditional. It also ap-
peared that beyond
prefixing the personal
pronouns there was
no change in the in.
flection of the verb.

eledriis dnini.



*There seems to be
a tendency in Astori
to insert a vowel be-
tween the pronoun
and the verb.





It is not impossible
that in Arnyia the
present is also used
for the future.