DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.38678#0034
scholarship and for transport and finally with smali architectural forms, e.g. municipal wells
and springs.
Ali of these buildings were designed and built in the neoclassical style. Initially, their design
drew its inspiration from early neoclassical French architecture, but in a different version
from that characteristic of Louis’s work. Patterns were provided, among other things, by the
widely distributed publication of Jean Franęois Neufforge, its 900 engravings representing
a variety of building types.
Using the conceptions and motifs formed in France, but widespread all over Europę, eminent
Warsaw architects - Szreger and Zug - who played a major role in the field of public building,
created designs of buildings satisfying Polish needs, which displayed the Polish taste and their
own creative fancy. That which arose in new fields of building, which were so greatly related
to the intellectual revolution in Poland in the second half of the 18th century, had a different
architectural expression, constituting the Polish chapter in the art of the Age of Enlighten-
ment in Europę. If it is correct to speak of the Stanislas Augustus style in reference to the art
created within the royal court, it accordingly is necessary to attempt to distinguish the name of
this parallel trend. An essential role was played by burghers’ patronage, but it would be
excessive to propose the term “burghers’ neoclassicism”. The artistic expression of this trend
was to a large extent the work of architects, particularly of those mentioned above, Szreger
and Zug, who should be considered the most creative, apart from Merlini, Aigner and
Kamsetzer. Hitherto, this trend has not been given a name, but evidently this version of
neoclassicism in the Age of Enlightenment in Poland should be distinguished as an important
one, which arose here, in Poland, and reflected its own process of historical development.
The two buildings from 1774-1784, mentioned above and related to banking and commerce,
indicated that the beginnings of the capitalist system were reflected in architecture as early as
those years. One can mention typical buildings that could be found in other domains oflife.lt
was to satisfy the needs of scholarship that Merlini designed the imposing edifice of the
Academy of Sciences and constructed the library wing of the Royal Castle. Marcin Knakfus
designed the Astronomical Observatory of the Vilna Academy; Feliks Radwański, the
Observatory of the Cracow Academy; Zug designed the reconstruction of the Załuski
Library. For educational purposes the Kazimierzowski Pałace was converted into the
Knights’ School, for which a large, modern building was intended. In reference to the
postulates of the Commission for National Education, Knakfus designed a school for parish
teachers. That attention was drawn to the architectural decoration expressing new, ideologi-
cal themes was indicated by, among other things, the example of the Collegium Nobilium in
Warsaw. The rococo edifice of the Collegium, designed by Jakub Fontana in 1743, was
rebuilt in the neoclassical style in 1786 by Stanisław Zawadzki. Among buildings serving
culture, Stanisław Kostka Potocki designed a building for the Museum, and on the King’s
initiative not only were theatre halls designed for Royal Castle and built in Łazienki but also
the edifice of the National Theatre was erected. An important field was that of military
construction, particularly barracks - an expression of the care for the national security. This
domain was a particular speciality of the architect Stanisław Zawadzki.
Reforms in urban development necessitated the construction and reconstruction of town
halls. A great number of them were built, in large and smali towns. In the design and
construction of these buildings a major role was played by Zug. The town hall at Vilna,
designed in 1786 by Wawrzyniec Gucewicz, was the most monumental. The “White Eagle”
Hotel at Tlomackie in Warsaw, designed by Zug in the eighties reflected new needs auguring
19th-century hotels. Zug’s well at Tłomackie, called “Fat Kate”, can serve as an example of
buildings and pavilions related to hygiene and the urban supply of good water.
The seventies of the 18th century saw the shaping of a type of pałace and mansion
29
and springs.
Ali of these buildings were designed and built in the neoclassical style. Initially, their design
drew its inspiration from early neoclassical French architecture, but in a different version
from that characteristic of Louis’s work. Patterns were provided, among other things, by the
widely distributed publication of Jean Franęois Neufforge, its 900 engravings representing
a variety of building types.
Using the conceptions and motifs formed in France, but widespread all over Europę, eminent
Warsaw architects - Szreger and Zug - who played a major role in the field of public building,
created designs of buildings satisfying Polish needs, which displayed the Polish taste and their
own creative fancy. That which arose in new fields of building, which were so greatly related
to the intellectual revolution in Poland in the second half of the 18th century, had a different
architectural expression, constituting the Polish chapter in the art of the Age of Enlighten-
ment in Europę. If it is correct to speak of the Stanislas Augustus style in reference to the art
created within the royal court, it accordingly is necessary to attempt to distinguish the name of
this parallel trend. An essential role was played by burghers’ patronage, but it would be
excessive to propose the term “burghers’ neoclassicism”. The artistic expression of this trend
was to a large extent the work of architects, particularly of those mentioned above, Szreger
and Zug, who should be considered the most creative, apart from Merlini, Aigner and
Kamsetzer. Hitherto, this trend has not been given a name, but evidently this version of
neoclassicism in the Age of Enlightenment in Poland should be distinguished as an important
one, which arose here, in Poland, and reflected its own process of historical development.
The two buildings from 1774-1784, mentioned above and related to banking and commerce,
indicated that the beginnings of the capitalist system were reflected in architecture as early as
those years. One can mention typical buildings that could be found in other domains oflife.lt
was to satisfy the needs of scholarship that Merlini designed the imposing edifice of the
Academy of Sciences and constructed the library wing of the Royal Castle. Marcin Knakfus
designed the Astronomical Observatory of the Vilna Academy; Feliks Radwański, the
Observatory of the Cracow Academy; Zug designed the reconstruction of the Załuski
Library. For educational purposes the Kazimierzowski Pałace was converted into the
Knights’ School, for which a large, modern building was intended. In reference to the
postulates of the Commission for National Education, Knakfus designed a school for parish
teachers. That attention was drawn to the architectural decoration expressing new, ideologi-
cal themes was indicated by, among other things, the example of the Collegium Nobilium in
Warsaw. The rococo edifice of the Collegium, designed by Jakub Fontana in 1743, was
rebuilt in the neoclassical style in 1786 by Stanisław Zawadzki. Among buildings serving
culture, Stanisław Kostka Potocki designed a building for the Museum, and on the King’s
initiative not only were theatre halls designed for Royal Castle and built in Łazienki but also
the edifice of the National Theatre was erected. An important field was that of military
construction, particularly barracks - an expression of the care for the national security. This
domain was a particular speciality of the architect Stanisław Zawadzki.
Reforms in urban development necessitated the construction and reconstruction of town
halls. A great number of them were built, in large and smali towns. In the design and
construction of these buildings a major role was played by Zug. The town hall at Vilna,
designed in 1786 by Wawrzyniec Gucewicz, was the most monumental. The “White Eagle”
Hotel at Tlomackie in Warsaw, designed by Zug in the eighties reflected new needs auguring
19th-century hotels. Zug’s well at Tłomackie, called “Fat Kate”, can serve as an example of
buildings and pavilions related to hygiene and the urban supply of good water.
The seventies of the 18th century saw the shaping of a type of pałace and mansion
29