DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.38678#0260
Bibliography: Catalogue of Drawings, part 2, Various Localides, item 38,
p. 27; Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, p. 245
Szymon Bogumił Zug
92 [69] Warsaw, house of Jan Michał and Franciszek
Roesler and Gaspar Hurtig, 79 Krakowskie Przedmieście
Street, 1784-1785, faęade from Miodowa Street, 1886—
1887
The house of the Roeslers and Hurtig was one of the most
outstanding achievements of the architecture of Polish
neoclassicism. With its design and function, this building
augured a big city tenement-house, which was to become
typical of 19th-century Warsaw, and its high composition
values put Zug’s work among the best architecturał designs
in the period of neoclassicism. In the house of the Roeslers
and Hurtig, there were the most characteristic features of
a big city tenement-house: a deep courtyard, commercial
interiors on the ground floor, the owner’s apartments on
the first floor and apartments to rent on the upper floors. In
his layout of the faęade Zug gave up the baroque tradition
of axial composition and, deliberately avoiding dominating
accents, broke its unity of composition.
93 [70] Warsaw, house of the Roeslers and Hurtig,
ground-floor Windows
The motif of a tripartite opening, called serliana, was
mostly used in architecturał designs as the central element.
In its use by Zug as a continuous motif, it was to emphasize
the very individually worked out ground floor, and thus
contribute to the disintegration of the unity of composition
of the whole faęade. In purposefully working towards such
a solution, the architect was directly opposed to the
baroque principles of composition. It is also interesting to
notę the restrained interpretation of the motifs used, above
all the austere baseless Tuscan columns.
Bibliography: Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, pp. 209-211, 388, 401; Lorentz,
Architecture of the Age of Enlightenment; Catalogue of Drawings, part 1,
Varsaviana, pp. 232-233; Bobrowski, Public Buildings, p. 15; T. Grygiel,
Pałac Małachowskich i Dom Roeslera (The Pałace of the Małachowski
Family and Roesler’s House - in Polish), Warsaw 1982
Szymon Bogumił Zug
94 [71] Warsaw, water-tower at the former Tłomackie,
so-called “Fat Kate”, now in Świerczewskiego Street,
1783-1787
In the eighties Zug designed, and partly built for Karol
Schultz, a complex of commercial and hotel buildings. He
located the complex round a square called “Na Tłomac-
kiem” (At Tłomackie). In the centre of the square a smali,
cylindrical structure was built, to house a spring. With its
geometrized solid and austere elaboration of the wali
surface, the architect achieved here the effect of some
monumentalism. As a result of this, the building became
the most important decorative element of the square. Zug’s
water-tower is now the only preserved relic from the former
“Na Tłomackiem” square and one of the few examples of
buildings of this type from the second half of the 18th
century to have been preserved until the present day.
Bibliography: Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, pp. 192-205; Bobrowski, Public
Buildings, pp. 69-73
Domenico Merlini
95 [72, 74] Warsaw, Łazienki, Pałace on the Island, bird’s
eye view and south elevation, 1784
Originally the Bath-house (Łazienka) of Stanisław Hera-
kliusz Lubomirski, it was built in 1683-1689 to a design by
Tylman of Gameren (the interiors with baroque decora-
tion: vestibule, Bacchus Room, bathroom have been pre-
served until today). Its neoclassical reconstruction and
expansion, to serve as King Stanislas Augustus’ residence,
to Merlini’s design, was carried out in several stages: the
first, 1775-1776, consisted in the addition of the first floor
from the south; the second, 1784, in the working out of the
south elevation; the third, in the construction of lateral
wings, north elevation and belvedere; and the fourth, in the
addition of two pavilions linked with the pałace by colon-
nades over the canals. The interiors from 1788-1795 were
the work of D. Merlini (including the Rotunda and the
Solomon Hall) and J.Ch. Kamsetzer (including the
Ballroom); the painted decoration was carried out by M.
Bacciarelli and J.B. Plersch, and the sculpted decoration
by A. Le Brun and J. Monaldi. The pałace was fully
renovated in 1921-1922. It was burnt down in 1944. After
World War II, it was reconstructed under the supervision
of J. Dąbrowski, with the work finished in 1965. It is now
a branch of the National Museum in Warsaw.
In the second half of the 18th century, Łazienki - the park
with the pałace, pavilions and park buildings - was a sum-
mer residence of Stanislas Augustus. Under his personal
supervision it took a shape which, with only slight changes,
it has preserved until the present day. The pałace and park
complex at Łazienki was one of the most interesting Polish
residences constructed in the Age of Enlightenment. The
architecture of the Pałace on the Island was imitated in the
course of the 19th century, and the building was valued for
its historie as well as artistic importance. Here, in the
Dining Chamber on the ground floor, meetings of scholars
and artists, called “Thursday Dinners”, chaired by the
King himself, were held. In World War II the Germans
closed the park to Poles and devastated the pałace and
pavilions, taking the precious collections away to Ger-
many. In December 1944, before leaving Warsaw, they bor-
ed 800 holes for explosives in the walls of the pałace, mean-
ing to blow up the building. In view of the rapid advance
of the front, they did not manage to do so, burning the
pałace down instead before they fled. Immediately after the
liberation the walls of the pałace were secured and
subsequently reconstruction work was begun on the build-
ing and interior decoration, the latter including objects
which have been preserved, complemented by those from
the collections of the National Museum and paintings
salvaged from the Gallery of Stanislas Augustus.
259
p. 27; Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, p. 245
Szymon Bogumił Zug
92 [69] Warsaw, house of Jan Michał and Franciszek
Roesler and Gaspar Hurtig, 79 Krakowskie Przedmieście
Street, 1784-1785, faęade from Miodowa Street, 1886—
1887
The house of the Roeslers and Hurtig was one of the most
outstanding achievements of the architecture of Polish
neoclassicism. With its design and function, this building
augured a big city tenement-house, which was to become
typical of 19th-century Warsaw, and its high composition
values put Zug’s work among the best architecturał designs
in the period of neoclassicism. In the house of the Roeslers
and Hurtig, there were the most characteristic features of
a big city tenement-house: a deep courtyard, commercial
interiors on the ground floor, the owner’s apartments on
the first floor and apartments to rent on the upper floors. In
his layout of the faęade Zug gave up the baroque tradition
of axial composition and, deliberately avoiding dominating
accents, broke its unity of composition.
93 [70] Warsaw, house of the Roeslers and Hurtig,
ground-floor Windows
The motif of a tripartite opening, called serliana, was
mostly used in architecturał designs as the central element.
In its use by Zug as a continuous motif, it was to emphasize
the very individually worked out ground floor, and thus
contribute to the disintegration of the unity of composition
of the whole faęade. In purposefully working towards such
a solution, the architect was directly opposed to the
baroque principles of composition. It is also interesting to
notę the restrained interpretation of the motifs used, above
all the austere baseless Tuscan columns.
Bibliography: Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, pp. 209-211, 388, 401; Lorentz,
Architecture of the Age of Enlightenment; Catalogue of Drawings, part 1,
Varsaviana, pp. 232-233; Bobrowski, Public Buildings, p. 15; T. Grygiel,
Pałac Małachowskich i Dom Roeslera (The Pałace of the Małachowski
Family and Roesler’s House - in Polish), Warsaw 1982
Szymon Bogumił Zug
94 [71] Warsaw, water-tower at the former Tłomackie,
so-called “Fat Kate”, now in Świerczewskiego Street,
1783-1787
In the eighties Zug designed, and partly built for Karol
Schultz, a complex of commercial and hotel buildings. He
located the complex round a square called “Na Tłomac-
kiem” (At Tłomackie). In the centre of the square a smali,
cylindrical structure was built, to house a spring. With its
geometrized solid and austere elaboration of the wali
surface, the architect achieved here the effect of some
monumentalism. As a result of this, the building became
the most important decorative element of the square. Zug’s
water-tower is now the only preserved relic from the former
“Na Tłomackiem” square and one of the few examples of
buildings of this type from the second half of the 18th
century to have been preserved until the present day.
Bibliography: Kwiatkowski, S.B. Zug, pp. 192-205; Bobrowski, Public
Buildings, pp. 69-73
Domenico Merlini
95 [72, 74] Warsaw, Łazienki, Pałace on the Island, bird’s
eye view and south elevation, 1784
Originally the Bath-house (Łazienka) of Stanisław Hera-
kliusz Lubomirski, it was built in 1683-1689 to a design by
Tylman of Gameren (the interiors with baroque decora-
tion: vestibule, Bacchus Room, bathroom have been pre-
served until today). Its neoclassical reconstruction and
expansion, to serve as King Stanislas Augustus’ residence,
to Merlini’s design, was carried out in several stages: the
first, 1775-1776, consisted in the addition of the first floor
from the south; the second, 1784, in the working out of the
south elevation; the third, in the construction of lateral
wings, north elevation and belvedere; and the fourth, in the
addition of two pavilions linked with the pałace by colon-
nades over the canals. The interiors from 1788-1795 were
the work of D. Merlini (including the Rotunda and the
Solomon Hall) and J.Ch. Kamsetzer (including the
Ballroom); the painted decoration was carried out by M.
Bacciarelli and J.B. Plersch, and the sculpted decoration
by A. Le Brun and J. Monaldi. The pałace was fully
renovated in 1921-1922. It was burnt down in 1944. After
World War II, it was reconstructed under the supervision
of J. Dąbrowski, with the work finished in 1965. It is now
a branch of the National Museum in Warsaw.
In the second half of the 18th century, Łazienki - the park
with the pałace, pavilions and park buildings - was a sum-
mer residence of Stanislas Augustus. Under his personal
supervision it took a shape which, with only slight changes,
it has preserved until the present day. The pałace and park
complex at Łazienki was one of the most interesting Polish
residences constructed in the Age of Enlightenment. The
architecture of the Pałace on the Island was imitated in the
course of the 19th century, and the building was valued for
its historie as well as artistic importance. Here, in the
Dining Chamber on the ground floor, meetings of scholars
and artists, called “Thursday Dinners”, chaired by the
King himself, were held. In World War II the Germans
closed the park to Poles and devastated the pałace and
pavilions, taking the precious collections away to Ger-
many. In December 1944, before leaving Warsaw, they bor-
ed 800 holes for explosives in the walls of the pałace, mean-
ing to blow up the building. In view of the rapid advance
of the front, they did not manage to do so, burning the
pałace down instead before they fled. Immediately after the
liberation the walls of the pałace were secured and
subsequently reconstruction work was begun on the build-
ing and interior decoration, the latter including objects
which have been preserved, complemented by those from
the collections of the National Museum and paintings
salvaged from the Gallery of Stanislas Augustus.
259