DOI article:
Dywan, Tomasz: Od „szkoły berlińskiej” do secesji: przyczynek do architektury miejskich zakładów przemysłowych Lwowa w latach 1858–1914
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.51255#0222
of the nineteenth century, municipal governments were even obliged to build
public slaughterhouses on the basis of increasingly detailed State laws. At that
time, first in the German countries, and then the Habsburg monarchy, the French
model of building public slaughterhouses was adopted.37
A new type of slaughterhouse was erected in the years 1875-1876, according
to the design by Poznań-born and the Bauakademie Berlin-educated Juliusz
Hochberger, director of the Municipal Construction Office (1840-1905).38 He
planned a brickwork structure on the plan of an elongated rectangle, a large hall
with twenty separate chambers partitioned inside, adapted to the slaughtering
of cattle. Therefore, it had been decided that a characteristic slaughterhouse ac-
cording to the French system should be constructed, also known as chamber
abattoir (Schlachtkammersystern), characteristic of large Central European cities in
the third ąuarter of the nineteenth century (including Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig and
Budapest).39 The chambers’ measurements at 15 x 30 feet (about 4-5 x 8-10 m)
was considered to be the most suitable for the slaughter carried out therein.40
Separate entrances led to each chamber from the outside (see: Drawing 3). Above
the entrances, rectangular window in a segmental arc illuminated the interior
of each of the chambers. The internal partition walls of abattoir chambers were
bricked up to a height of 3.8 m. From this height to the level of the roof truss,
the walls were madę of timber. The queen post roof truss was also madę of wood,
and supported on wooden poles (see: Drawing 4). Due to the inflow of cooler air
from outside through the ventilation openings madę in the doors, the vapours
created in the interior of slaughter chambers floated freely upwards, where they
found their way through the tilting parts of the Windows and ventilation holes,
extending along the ridge of the gable roof.41
It should be noted that at that time the arrangement of chambers with inde-
pendent external entrances was considered anachronistic. It was chosen because
of financial limitations of the municipal government. In the case of the proper
slaughterhouse built according to the French system in the sixth and seventh
Drawing 3. Ground floor
plan and elevation views
of the municipal slaughter-
house at Zamarstynivska
Street, according to the 1875
design. Drawing based on
the design: dało, file 2, de-
scription 4, case 1039, f. 77
-> see p. 171
Drawing 4. Cross-sections
of the municipal slaughter-
house at Zamarstyniv-
ska Street, and details
of the slaughter chamber
equipment, according to
the 1875 design. Drawing
based on the design: dało,
file 2, description 4, case
1039, f. 17
-> see p. 171
37 W.R. Krabbe, Kommunalpolitik, pp. 36-38; D. Burgholz, Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, pp. 108-
-110; S. Tholl, Preufien blutige Mauern. Der Schlachthof ais offentliche Bauaufgabe im 19. Jarhun-
dert,Walsheim 1995 (= Europaische Food Edition),pp. 39-48; H. Lackner,Ein “blutiges Geschaft”
- Kommunale Vieh- und Schlachthdfe im Urbanisierungsprozess des 19. Jahrhunderts Ein Beitrag
zur Geschichte der stadtischen Infrastruktur, “Technikgeschichte”, 71,2004, issue 2, pp. 96-97.
38 J. Hochbergers signature features on the found building designs; see as in the footnote 41.
39 S. Tholl, Preufien blutige Mauern, pp. 49-51; A. Gryglewska, P. Gerber, Wpływ rozwoju technologii
produkcji oraz higieny na architekturę przemysłową na przykładzie dawnej rzeźni we Wrocławiu,
“Ochrona Zabytków”, 55, 2002, issue 3-4, p. 264.
40 These were the dimensions of the slaughter chambers in the municipal slaughterhouses in
Gumpendorf and St. Marx near Vienna, see: J. Hennicke, Bericht iiber Schlachthduser und
Viehmarkte in Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien, Italien, England und Schweitz. Im Aufrage des
Magistrats der kóniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin erstattet, Berlin 1866, p. 23; L. Klasen,
Viehmdrkte, Schlachthdfe und Markthallen. Handbuchfiir Baubehorden, Bauherren, Architekten,
Ingenieure, Baumeister, Baunternehmer, Bauhandwerker und technische Lehranstalten, Leipzig
1884 (= Grundriss-Yorbilder von Gebauden Aller Art, chapter 5), p. 413.
41 The description is based on the preserved design, dało, file 2, description 4, case 1039,“Projekt
na budowę rzeźni. Przekrój podłużny”, edited by J. Hochberger, Lviv 111875, f. 17; ibidem, “Pro-
jekt na budowę rzeźni [plan, cross-sections, views of the elevation]”, edited by J. Hochberger,
Lviv 111875, f. 77. A brief description of the municipal slaughterhouse is also given by M. Kowal-
czuk, Rozwój terytorialny miasta, in: Miasto Lwów w okresie samorządu 1870-1895, edited by
M. Baranowski, Lwów 1896, p. 336.
From “Berlin school” to Art Nouveau: contribution to the study of architecture...
221
public slaughterhouses on the basis of increasingly detailed State laws. At that
time, first in the German countries, and then the Habsburg monarchy, the French
model of building public slaughterhouses was adopted.37
A new type of slaughterhouse was erected in the years 1875-1876, according
to the design by Poznań-born and the Bauakademie Berlin-educated Juliusz
Hochberger, director of the Municipal Construction Office (1840-1905).38 He
planned a brickwork structure on the plan of an elongated rectangle, a large hall
with twenty separate chambers partitioned inside, adapted to the slaughtering
of cattle. Therefore, it had been decided that a characteristic slaughterhouse ac-
cording to the French system should be constructed, also known as chamber
abattoir (Schlachtkammersystern), characteristic of large Central European cities in
the third ąuarter of the nineteenth century (including Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig and
Budapest).39 The chambers’ measurements at 15 x 30 feet (about 4-5 x 8-10 m)
was considered to be the most suitable for the slaughter carried out therein.40
Separate entrances led to each chamber from the outside (see: Drawing 3). Above
the entrances, rectangular window in a segmental arc illuminated the interior
of each of the chambers. The internal partition walls of abattoir chambers were
bricked up to a height of 3.8 m. From this height to the level of the roof truss,
the walls were madę of timber. The queen post roof truss was also madę of wood,
and supported on wooden poles (see: Drawing 4). Due to the inflow of cooler air
from outside through the ventilation openings madę in the doors, the vapours
created in the interior of slaughter chambers floated freely upwards, where they
found their way through the tilting parts of the Windows and ventilation holes,
extending along the ridge of the gable roof.41
It should be noted that at that time the arrangement of chambers with inde-
pendent external entrances was considered anachronistic. It was chosen because
of financial limitations of the municipal government. In the case of the proper
slaughterhouse built according to the French system in the sixth and seventh
Drawing 3. Ground floor
plan and elevation views
of the municipal slaughter-
house at Zamarstynivska
Street, according to the 1875
design. Drawing based on
the design: dało, file 2, de-
scription 4, case 1039, f. 77
-> see p. 171
Drawing 4. Cross-sections
of the municipal slaughter-
house at Zamarstyniv-
ska Street, and details
of the slaughter chamber
equipment, according to
the 1875 design. Drawing
based on the design: dało,
file 2, description 4, case
1039, f. 17
-> see p. 171
37 W.R. Krabbe, Kommunalpolitik, pp. 36-38; D. Burgholz, Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, pp. 108-
-110; S. Tholl, Preufien blutige Mauern. Der Schlachthof ais offentliche Bauaufgabe im 19. Jarhun-
dert,Walsheim 1995 (= Europaische Food Edition),pp. 39-48; H. Lackner,Ein “blutiges Geschaft”
- Kommunale Vieh- und Schlachthdfe im Urbanisierungsprozess des 19. Jahrhunderts Ein Beitrag
zur Geschichte der stadtischen Infrastruktur, “Technikgeschichte”, 71,2004, issue 2, pp. 96-97.
38 J. Hochbergers signature features on the found building designs; see as in the footnote 41.
39 S. Tholl, Preufien blutige Mauern, pp. 49-51; A. Gryglewska, P. Gerber, Wpływ rozwoju technologii
produkcji oraz higieny na architekturę przemysłową na przykładzie dawnej rzeźni we Wrocławiu,
“Ochrona Zabytków”, 55, 2002, issue 3-4, p. 264.
40 These were the dimensions of the slaughter chambers in the municipal slaughterhouses in
Gumpendorf and St. Marx near Vienna, see: J. Hennicke, Bericht iiber Schlachthduser und
Viehmarkte in Deutschland, Frankreich, Belgien, Italien, England und Schweitz. Im Aufrage des
Magistrats der kóniglichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin erstattet, Berlin 1866, p. 23; L. Klasen,
Viehmdrkte, Schlachthdfe und Markthallen. Handbuchfiir Baubehorden, Bauherren, Architekten,
Ingenieure, Baumeister, Baunternehmer, Bauhandwerker und technische Lehranstalten, Leipzig
1884 (= Grundriss-Yorbilder von Gebauden Aller Art, chapter 5), p. 413.
41 The description is based on the preserved design, dało, file 2, description 4, case 1039,“Projekt
na budowę rzeźni. Przekrój podłużny”, edited by J. Hochberger, Lviv 111875, f. 17; ibidem, “Pro-
jekt na budowę rzeźni [plan, cross-sections, views of the elevation]”, edited by J. Hochberger,
Lviv 111875, f. 77. A brief description of the municipal slaughterhouse is also given by M. Kowal-
czuk, Rozwój terytorialny miasta, in: Miasto Lwów w okresie samorządu 1870-1895, edited by
M. Baranowski, Lwów 1896, p. 336.
From “Berlin school” to Art Nouveau: contribution to the study of architecture...
221