DOI Heft:
Syria
DOI Artikel:Białowarczuk, Marcin: Early neolithic wall construction techniques in the light of ethnographical observations on the architecture of the modern syrian village of Qaramel
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.42093#0597
TELL QARAMEL
SYRIA
(Noy 1989) and Netiv Hagdud (Bar-Yosef,
Gopher 1997). Among the younger
Neolithic sites connected with the PPNB,
one should mention Gobekli (Schmidt
2000). Typical examples of the third subtype
are supplied by structures from Beidha in
Jordan [Fig. 2e\, also connected with PPNB
levels (Kirkbride 1966).
PISE BUILDING TECHNIQUE
Pise is one of the oldest wall construction
techniques and is known throughout the Near
East. A monolithic wall is made of mud mixed
with water and some organic components
(Aurenche, Kozlowski 1999: 138).
Two types of this technique can be
distinguished. The first one uses handmade
mud blocks of different size and shape,
arranged in a row and then smoothed over
the face so that the joints are blurred. Next,
the row is left to sun-dry for one to three
days. During this time the wet mud blocks
bond together and form a very strong
structure. The next row of blocks is laid on
top of the first one. The whole procedure is
repeated until the wall reaches the required
height (Aurenche 1981: 54-55).
In the other variety of the technique,
a wooden form is filled with a muddy mass.
Next the mud is beaten with a special beater,
Fig. 3. Storage buidings made of pise. Qaramel village
(Photo M. Bialowarczuk)
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 19, Reports 2007
591
SYRIA
(Noy 1989) and Netiv Hagdud (Bar-Yosef,
Gopher 1997). Among the younger
Neolithic sites connected with the PPNB,
one should mention Gobekli (Schmidt
2000). Typical examples of the third subtype
are supplied by structures from Beidha in
Jordan [Fig. 2e\, also connected with PPNB
levels (Kirkbride 1966).
PISE BUILDING TECHNIQUE
Pise is one of the oldest wall construction
techniques and is known throughout the Near
East. A monolithic wall is made of mud mixed
with water and some organic components
(Aurenche, Kozlowski 1999: 138).
Two types of this technique can be
distinguished. The first one uses handmade
mud blocks of different size and shape,
arranged in a row and then smoothed over
the face so that the joints are blurred. Next,
the row is left to sun-dry for one to three
days. During this time the wet mud blocks
bond together and form a very strong
structure. The next row of blocks is laid on
top of the first one. The whole procedure is
repeated until the wall reaches the required
height (Aurenche 1981: 54-55).
In the other variety of the technique,
a wooden form is filled with a muddy mass.
Next the mud is beaten with a special beater,
Fig. 3. Storage buidings made of pise. Qaramel village
(Photo M. Bialowarczuk)
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 19, Reports 2007
591