DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.619#0032
THE GREAT TEMENOS.
23
at about 450, contained Bs ring-stand, dish, &c,
rouge-red facing; B6 finer; D2; D5; A fine-ribbed
dishes; G2; L1 (and painted; P, dish, small
spout, and a conical bottom of a vase; T; W3,
and coarse imitation of black amphorae (pi. xvi. 6);
white-faced amphorae with red and with black
lines; and chipped pottery draughtmen. At
higher levels scarcely anything has been noted,
as a large and special section cutting was begun
at a high point in order to supply varieties of
every period; unfortunately, other and more neces-
sary work prevented that being finished, and I
hope it may be done this coming season; every
intelligible fragment of pottery found so far in the
cutting has been exactly levelled and marked.
Looking now to the classes of pottery, we may
note some points. B5 with the rouge-red facing,
more or les3 polished, is a later type; it does not
appear below 340 level, and it continues above
450, as one vase of it was levelled at 480.
The A dishes, thickish, very finely smoothed,
and with many close ribs on the underside, are
widely distributed from the earliest levels to 450.
The white-faced F pottery has its most flourishing
period at the scarab house, 335 level; but such
a variety was found there that it becomes a
question whether there may not have been a shop
for pottery painting there, as there was for scarabs
and glazed ware. We see, however, that it is in the
corresponding later levels of the Apollo trench
that this class is most varied and abundant. The
G3 bowls are found at all levels, apparently up to
450, as extensively as the fellow type L1, which
always accompanies them. L2 is found very early
in the town, whereas there is none fixed until later
times from the temple. The great amphorae
of thick greenish-drab ware, with massive loop
handles, and often made by hand, being scraped
down on the outside, are apparantly not found
above the level of the scarab factory, or 570 b.c.
They are so common, and at the same time I
watched so continually for them in digging in
order to settle their age, that this seems probably
a real limit; and if so, it is valuable for fixing
other dates. The great drab bowls of similar style
are evidently early, as the inscriptions on them are
very rude, and always retrograde if on the inside,
while direct on the outside. The handles of the
great amphorae again never have any stamps on
them; their markings are generally rude cross
cuts, and very rough and unintelligible attempts
of names (see pi. xxxv.). The thick dark-grey
pottery is found at all levels, but the fragments
of amphorae, like that of pi. xvi. 6, are not
the earliest, occurring at 340, and an evidently
coarser and later form at 450. The coarse black-
grey pottery of Koman times must not be con-
founded with this; it is generally more of a blue-
black, soft and ashy-looking, and with a coarser
grain. The white-faced amphorae with red orange
or brown stripes around the neck, down the
handles, and about the body, are very common,
and seem to belong to the whole of the archaic
period, up to the 450 level. The little ' pilgrim-
bottles ' moulded on a bag of sand or chaff, and
showing the cast of the bag inside them, have
only been found in early pottery of the scarab
factory, and older; so they may be roughly dated
at 600 B.C. More complete diggings in less dis-
turbed parts of the mound, and with a previous
knowledge of the general ages of the pottery, and
what special questions need to be settled, starting
from our present information on the subject,
may, we hope, clear up much more of the history
of the ordinary pottery of the archaic period at
Naukratis.
CHAPTEE IV.
THE GEEAT TEMENOS.
24. That the Great Temenos (pis. xl. and xlii.),
which is larger than all the other temene of the
town put together, and equal to a third of the
city in area, is " the greatest of all these temene,
which is also the most celebrated and the most
frequented (or conspicuous), called the Hellenion,"
as Herodotos says (ii. 178), can scarcely bo
23
at about 450, contained Bs ring-stand, dish, &c,
rouge-red facing; B6 finer; D2; D5; A fine-ribbed
dishes; G2; L1 (and painted; P, dish, small
spout, and a conical bottom of a vase; T; W3,
and coarse imitation of black amphorae (pi. xvi. 6);
white-faced amphorae with red and with black
lines; and chipped pottery draughtmen. At
higher levels scarcely anything has been noted,
as a large and special section cutting was begun
at a high point in order to supply varieties of
every period; unfortunately, other and more neces-
sary work prevented that being finished, and I
hope it may be done this coming season; every
intelligible fragment of pottery found so far in the
cutting has been exactly levelled and marked.
Looking now to the classes of pottery, we may
note some points. B5 with the rouge-red facing,
more or les3 polished, is a later type; it does not
appear below 340 level, and it continues above
450, as one vase of it was levelled at 480.
The A dishes, thickish, very finely smoothed,
and with many close ribs on the underside, are
widely distributed from the earliest levels to 450.
The white-faced F pottery has its most flourishing
period at the scarab house, 335 level; but such
a variety was found there that it becomes a
question whether there may not have been a shop
for pottery painting there, as there was for scarabs
and glazed ware. We see, however, that it is in the
corresponding later levels of the Apollo trench
that this class is most varied and abundant. The
G3 bowls are found at all levels, apparently up to
450, as extensively as the fellow type L1, which
always accompanies them. L2 is found very early
in the town, whereas there is none fixed until later
times from the temple. The great amphorae
of thick greenish-drab ware, with massive loop
handles, and often made by hand, being scraped
down on the outside, are apparantly not found
above the level of the scarab factory, or 570 b.c.
They are so common, and at the same time I
watched so continually for them in digging in
order to settle their age, that this seems probably
a real limit; and if so, it is valuable for fixing
other dates. The great drab bowls of similar style
are evidently early, as the inscriptions on them are
very rude, and always retrograde if on the inside,
while direct on the outside. The handles of the
great amphorae again never have any stamps on
them; their markings are generally rude cross
cuts, and very rough and unintelligible attempts
of names (see pi. xxxv.). The thick dark-grey
pottery is found at all levels, but the fragments
of amphorae, like that of pi. xvi. 6, are not
the earliest, occurring at 340, and an evidently
coarser and later form at 450. The coarse black-
grey pottery of Koman times must not be con-
founded with this; it is generally more of a blue-
black, soft and ashy-looking, and with a coarser
grain. The white-faced amphorae with red orange
or brown stripes around the neck, down the
handles, and about the body, are very common,
and seem to belong to the whole of the archaic
period, up to the 450 level. The little ' pilgrim-
bottles ' moulded on a bag of sand or chaff, and
showing the cast of the bag inside them, have
only been found in early pottery of the scarab
factory, and older; so they may be roughly dated
at 600 B.C. More complete diggings in less dis-
turbed parts of the mound, and with a previous
knowledge of the general ages of the pottery, and
what special questions need to be settled, starting
from our present information on the subject,
may, we hope, clear up much more of the history
of the ordinary pottery of the archaic period at
Naukratis.
CHAPTEE IV.
THE GEEAT TEMENOS.
24. That the Great Temenos (pis. xl. and xlii.),
which is larger than all the other temene of the
town put together, and equal to a third of the
city in area, is " the greatest of all these temene,
which is also the most celebrated and the most
frequented (or conspicuous), called the Hellenion,"
as Herodotos says (ii. 178), can scarcely bo