DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.619#0101
92
NAUKBATIS.
Leontonpolis may have been on the Sebennutos-
Tanis road.
Panephusis appears to have been fixed at one
schoenus np the Mendesian mouth.
Metelis appears to be placed simply in the
' middle of its nome, which is limited by the posi-
tion of its mouths and the branch at Hermoupolis.
The Mareotic region we know too little about
to venture on any identifications; perhaps no
district so rich in ancient sites, and so near a
great Europeanized city, is so little known.
The duplication of Heliou and Heliopolis is
difficult to account for, especially as Heliopolis
will fall into the desert region. That Heliou is
the place we now call Heliopolis we cannot doubt,
as it is called vcl Oniou, and On is a recognized
name of Heliopolis. Mr. Griffith suggests that
Heliopolis was known to be on the road to
Boubastos, and therefore appears there; but that
it was also known to be on the right of the
Trajanus Amnis, between Babylon and Heroon-
polis, and was accordingly entered there again as
a second city.
111. Heroonpolis, known to be Tell el Maskhuta
by M. Naville's discovery of the milestone there,
is not quite at the open head of the Arabian gulf,
the distance and direction between the spots
agreeing to the gulf ending at the end of the
old Bitter Lakes, near the Serapeum, though its
innermost end reached to Heroonpolis. Arsinoe,
on the Arabian gulf, is evidently miscopied as in
longitude 61°4', by confusion with the other
Arsinoe, the capital of the Faium; though it is
classed by Ptolemy between the head of the
gulf and Klusma. It is possible that only the
longitude has been corrupted from 63°4' to 61°4',
but it seems more likely that it has been wholly
altered to agree with the other Arsinoe.
Klusma is not far from the place assigned by
the Antonine itinerary; there it is 68 Boman
miles from Hero, here it is 70 geographical
miles. But both of these statements are distinct
from that of the milestone of Hero, which gives
9 miles to Klusma (see M. Naville's Pithom,
pi. xl.). A third evidence, however, for the
southerly site of Klusma is, that it is placed
below the head of the Arabian gulf in the Peu-
tingerian table; and the distance there to Phara—
120 Boman miles—agrees well to the distance
from Kolzum (or Suez) to the Wady Feiran. On
all these evidences we must conclude that Klusma
■was at Kolzum, in the mound in which I have
seen Boman pottery and glass, even though a
fort on the top prevents a close examination. The
milestone, then, must refer to another Klusma,
and what name would be more likely to occur
near Heroopolis than that of " shore," or edge of
the waves. The milestone, in fact, just shows
us that at nine miles from Heroopolis, that is, at
the opening of the canal into Lake Timsah, on
the shore of the lake, the station which we should
expect to hear of at the end of the narrow canal
was called Klusma, owing to its site on the shore;
the other and better-known Klusma being where
the lakes and canal ended on the shore of the
open sea at Suez.
Since writing the above view, I am glad to add
weight to it, by stating that it had independently
occurred to Mr. Poole.
We will now turn to some cities, the sites of
which have not been hitherto assigned, with any
local knowledge of the antiquities.
112. Firstly, Nankratis. On this site our two
most definite authorities are in agreement,
Ptolemy and the Peutingerian map. Ptolemy
places it on the west of the Great Biver, which
suffered the division of a branch to Sais, at about
the modern Selamun; and from that point a canal
still runs nearly straight through Damanhur, and
on toward the Kanobic mouth, being now lost in
Lake Edku. This line of canal agrees, as no other
can agree, with the requirements of the Agatho-
daimon river of Ptolemy; and hence it is entered
in the modern map in pi. xxxix. as the repre-
sentative of that line. As Ptolemy does not
place Naukratis close to it, but two or three miles
NAUKBATIS.
Leontonpolis may have been on the Sebennutos-
Tanis road.
Panephusis appears to have been fixed at one
schoenus np the Mendesian mouth.
Metelis appears to be placed simply in the
' middle of its nome, which is limited by the posi-
tion of its mouths and the branch at Hermoupolis.
The Mareotic region we know too little about
to venture on any identifications; perhaps no
district so rich in ancient sites, and so near a
great Europeanized city, is so little known.
The duplication of Heliou and Heliopolis is
difficult to account for, especially as Heliopolis
will fall into the desert region. That Heliou is
the place we now call Heliopolis we cannot doubt,
as it is called vcl Oniou, and On is a recognized
name of Heliopolis. Mr. Griffith suggests that
Heliopolis was known to be on the road to
Boubastos, and therefore appears there; but that
it was also known to be on the right of the
Trajanus Amnis, between Babylon and Heroon-
polis, and was accordingly entered there again as
a second city.
111. Heroonpolis, known to be Tell el Maskhuta
by M. Naville's discovery of the milestone there,
is not quite at the open head of the Arabian gulf,
the distance and direction between the spots
agreeing to the gulf ending at the end of the
old Bitter Lakes, near the Serapeum, though its
innermost end reached to Heroonpolis. Arsinoe,
on the Arabian gulf, is evidently miscopied as in
longitude 61°4', by confusion with the other
Arsinoe, the capital of the Faium; though it is
classed by Ptolemy between the head of the
gulf and Klusma. It is possible that only the
longitude has been corrupted from 63°4' to 61°4',
but it seems more likely that it has been wholly
altered to agree with the other Arsinoe.
Klusma is not far from the place assigned by
the Antonine itinerary; there it is 68 Boman
miles from Hero, here it is 70 geographical
miles. But both of these statements are distinct
from that of the milestone of Hero, which gives
9 miles to Klusma (see M. Naville's Pithom,
pi. xl.). A third evidence, however, for the
southerly site of Klusma is, that it is placed
below the head of the Arabian gulf in the Peu-
tingerian table; and the distance there to Phara—
120 Boman miles—agrees well to the distance
from Kolzum (or Suez) to the Wady Feiran. On
all these evidences we must conclude that Klusma
■was at Kolzum, in the mound in which I have
seen Boman pottery and glass, even though a
fort on the top prevents a close examination. The
milestone, then, must refer to another Klusma,
and what name would be more likely to occur
near Heroopolis than that of " shore," or edge of
the waves. The milestone, in fact, just shows
us that at nine miles from Heroopolis, that is, at
the opening of the canal into Lake Timsah, on
the shore of the lake, the station which we should
expect to hear of at the end of the narrow canal
was called Klusma, owing to its site on the shore;
the other and better-known Klusma being where
the lakes and canal ended on the shore of the
open sea at Suez.
Since writing the above view, I am glad to add
weight to it, by stating that it had independently
occurred to Mr. Poole.
We will now turn to some cities, the sites of
which have not been hitherto assigned, with any
local knowledge of the antiquities.
112. Firstly, Nankratis. On this site our two
most definite authorities are in agreement,
Ptolemy and the Peutingerian map. Ptolemy
places it on the west of the Great Biver, which
suffered the division of a branch to Sais, at about
the modern Selamun; and from that point a canal
still runs nearly straight through Damanhur, and
on toward the Kanobic mouth, being now lost in
Lake Edku. This line of canal agrees, as no other
can agree, with the requirements of the Agatho-
daimon river of Ptolemy; and hence it is entered
in the modern map in pi. xxxix. as the repre-
sentative of that line. As Ptolemy does not
place Naukratis close to it, but two or three miles