DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4102#0020
THE TEMENOS OF 0SIEIS.
11
levels; hence these are arranged rather by the
amount of curvature in the back, as this enables
a comparison with any other specimen to be
most readily made. The whole of the flaking
is rough compared with the prehistoric work,
and it resembles that of the knives of the 1st
Dynasty tombs and the Hierakonpolis deposit.
Many of the specimens are greatly changed in
outline by wear; for instance, the snubbing of
the edge of 27 shows plainly in the drawing.
This snubbing is ahvays on the side next the
person when the flint is held in the right hand ;
and was doubtless the result of scraping away
from the person. Sometimes a flint will be
snubbed half the length on one face and half on
the other face, having been held sometimes by
one end, sometimes by the other. This wear
may be noticed in the drawings of 5, 7, 14, 19,
27, 35, and 3G, outer end. The wide finely
re-curved knives 30, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41 and 42
belong to levels 22 to 65 (as the M tombs were
cut into the ground, see below); and this corre-
sponds to the first half of the 1st Dynasty,
agreeing to the fine one of this type in the
Naqada tomb of Mena's queen. No butt ends
of this type of knife were found in the royal
tombs, excepting perhaps one of Zet and one of
Mersekha; but owing to only the broken pieces
being known from those tombs, it is difficult to
make comparisons. The tip 40 is much like
one of Zer; and the recurved tip 39 is like one
of Zet.
Pis. xviii, xix. Flint Knives with Handles.
—These seem to cover the same range of levels
as those without handles. They are arranged
here in order from the most concave backs to
the most convex. The work is generally rougher
than is seen on those from the royal tombs; a
natural difference between working articles and
royal specimens. None of the very pointed
toes are found on the handles, and the blades
are far thicker than the royal knives. We
may well compare fig. 53 with the knives of
Khasekhemui, the long narrow blade 60 with
the long blade of the same king, and fig. 54 is
most like the knives of Azab and Mersekha.
The last example, fig. 84, is of the Xlth—Xllth
Dynasty, as it is closely like those in Dendereh,
xxii, Kahun, xvi, and Illahan, vii, xiii.
PI. xx. The Flint Hoes.—These form a
well-marked group, none being found below 38,
and most being within 20 inches, from 75 to 95.
The form underwent very slight changes down
to the Xllth Dynasty (Illahun, vii.). Most of
these hoes show the high polish due to wear in
use; and the mode of setting is seen in hiero-
glyphs of the Vth Dynasty, where three hoes in
' a line are bound on to the end of a long handle,
at right angles to it.
Pis. xxi—xxiii. The Scrapers.—These are
roughly classed as tailed, irregular, and round;
in each class they are arranged in the order of
their levels.
The tailed scrapers are mostly poor and slight
up to about 10 level; but from 36 to 51 there
is a class of thick, carefully-flaked, pieces, with
the edge often notched. After 51 only two
slight ones are known. The history of this
form is therefore very definite.
The irregular scrapers are mainly before 40 ;
22 being in the first 40 inches, and only 8 in
the next such space.
The round scrapers are similarly distributed,
three-quarters in the lowest part of the town.
As in the royal tombs it is only when the finer-
worked flints were given up that the rougher
scrapers were buried, it is useless to compare
the few scrapers found there with those from
the town. At the base of the plate are two
flint borers ; a broken disc of flint, probably in
course of working for a bracelet; and a flint
core.
PL xxiv. Long Scrapers.—These have all
been used for scraping a wide surface; some
may probably be misused knives (189, 193),
but others are evidently made for scraping, as
194, 195, 198.
Flakes are classified into plain flakes (199—
11
levels; hence these are arranged rather by the
amount of curvature in the back, as this enables
a comparison with any other specimen to be
most readily made. The whole of the flaking
is rough compared with the prehistoric work,
and it resembles that of the knives of the 1st
Dynasty tombs and the Hierakonpolis deposit.
Many of the specimens are greatly changed in
outline by wear; for instance, the snubbing of
the edge of 27 shows plainly in the drawing.
This snubbing is ahvays on the side next the
person when the flint is held in the right hand ;
and was doubtless the result of scraping away
from the person. Sometimes a flint will be
snubbed half the length on one face and half on
the other face, having been held sometimes by
one end, sometimes by the other. This wear
may be noticed in the drawings of 5, 7, 14, 19,
27, 35, and 3G, outer end. The wide finely
re-curved knives 30, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41 and 42
belong to levels 22 to 65 (as the M tombs were
cut into the ground, see below); and this corre-
sponds to the first half of the 1st Dynasty,
agreeing to the fine one of this type in the
Naqada tomb of Mena's queen. No butt ends
of this type of knife were found in the royal
tombs, excepting perhaps one of Zet and one of
Mersekha; but owing to only the broken pieces
being known from those tombs, it is difficult to
make comparisons. The tip 40 is much like
one of Zer; and the recurved tip 39 is like one
of Zet.
Pis. xviii, xix. Flint Knives with Handles.
—These seem to cover the same range of levels
as those without handles. They are arranged
here in order from the most concave backs to
the most convex. The work is generally rougher
than is seen on those from the royal tombs; a
natural difference between working articles and
royal specimens. None of the very pointed
toes are found on the handles, and the blades
are far thicker than the royal knives. We
may well compare fig. 53 with the knives of
Khasekhemui, the long narrow blade 60 with
the long blade of the same king, and fig. 54 is
most like the knives of Azab and Mersekha.
The last example, fig. 84, is of the Xlth—Xllth
Dynasty, as it is closely like those in Dendereh,
xxii, Kahun, xvi, and Illahan, vii, xiii.
PI. xx. The Flint Hoes.—These form a
well-marked group, none being found below 38,
and most being within 20 inches, from 75 to 95.
The form underwent very slight changes down
to the Xllth Dynasty (Illahun, vii.). Most of
these hoes show the high polish due to wear in
use; and the mode of setting is seen in hiero-
glyphs of the Vth Dynasty, where three hoes in
' a line are bound on to the end of a long handle,
at right angles to it.
Pis. xxi—xxiii. The Scrapers.—These are
roughly classed as tailed, irregular, and round;
in each class they are arranged in the order of
their levels.
The tailed scrapers are mostly poor and slight
up to about 10 level; but from 36 to 51 there
is a class of thick, carefully-flaked, pieces, with
the edge often notched. After 51 only two
slight ones are known. The history of this
form is therefore very definite.
The irregular scrapers are mainly before 40 ;
22 being in the first 40 inches, and only 8 in
the next such space.
The round scrapers are similarly distributed,
three-quarters in the lowest part of the town.
As in the royal tombs it is only when the finer-
worked flints were given up that the rougher
scrapers were buried, it is useless to compare
the few scrapers found there with those from
the town. At the base of the plate are two
flint borers ; a broken disc of flint, probably in
course of working for a bracelet; and a flint
core.
PL xxiv. Long Scrapers.—These have all
been used for scraping a wide surface; some
may probably be misused knives (189, 193),
but others are evidently made for scraping, as
194, 195, 198.
Flakes are classified into plain flakes (199—